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一、国营贸易体制对国际贸易的影响 (一 )国营贸易的定义 关于国营贸易的概念 ,国际上有不同的提法。早期的定义侧重于对外贸易中的国家行为 (或操作 ) ,政府垄断贸易和政府对企业的所有权 (Ｈａｚａｒｄ ,1 959;Ｂａｌｄ ｗｉｎ ,1 970 ;Ｇｈａｉ,1 973 )。Ｋｏｓｔｅｃ
I. THE IMPACT OF STATE-OWNED TRADE SYSTEM ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE A. Definition of State-owned Trade There are different international formulations of the concept of State-owned trade. Early definitions focused on state actions (or operations) in foreign trade, the government monopolized trade and government ownership of firms (Hazard, 1959; Baldwin, 1970; Ghai, 1973). Kostec