个人与社会的关系问题既是社会学的基本问题,也是社会学的元问题。围绕这一问题所进行的理论思考内容丰富且历史久远,如果从个人与社会连结纽带的角度进行分析,那么在中西方社会思想发展的历史长河中,已经形成了几种不同的解释模式,即中国古代儒家的“礼义纽结模式”、西方中世纪的“宗教纽结模式”、西方近代以来的“契约纽结模式”以及马克思主义的“实践纽结模式”。然而,随着“现代社会世界的 The relationship between individuals and society is not only the basic problem of sociology, but also the meta-questions of sociology. The theoretical thinking around this issue is rich in content and has a long history. If we analyze it from the perspective of the link between the individual and the society, we have already come up with several different modes of explanation in the long history of the development of social thought in China and the West. The ancient Chinese Confucian style of ”nirvana“, the ”religious ken of the Middle Ages“ in the West, the ”contractual knot pattern“ of the western modern times, and the Marxist ”practice kink pattern“ . However, with the ”modern social world."