马克思有过一个著名的比喻:有个人掉落水中,他不会游泳,该怎么办呢?他的办法是,迫使自己相信没有重力,于是就不至于下沉而淹死了。这个想法,表面上看极为荒唐。但在现实中,却有不少人是这么做的。我们姑且来分析一下这个落水者的自救策略,看看他到底犯了什么错。首先,他落水了,这构成了他所面临的一种危机。面对这种危机,他开始寻找导致 Marx had a well-known metaphor: what if an individual plunges into the water and he can not swim? His approach is to force himself to believe that there is no gravity so he will not sink and drown. This idea, on the surface is extremely absurd. However, in reality, many people do the same. Let us analyze the self-help strategy of this drowning tentatively to see what he did wrong. First, he fell into the water, which constituted a crisis he faced. In the face of this crisis, he started looking for lead