前言 集成电路(IC)是1959～1960年美国为适应空间飞行器和尖端武器中电子系统小型化的要求而发展起来的。由于它具有重量轻、体积小、性能好、成本低、可靠性高等优点,现在已经在计算机、工业控制、仪器仪表、通讯、宇航、军事、民用等各领域得到广泛应用,对国民经济、科学技术和国防都具有很大的影响。 INTRODUCTION Integrated Circuits (ICs) were developed by the United States between 1959 and 1960 to meet the requirements of miniaturization of electronic systems in space vehicles and sophisticated weapons. Because of its advantages of light weight, small size, good performance, low cost and high reliability, it has been widely used in various fields such as computer, industrial control, instrumentation, telecommunications, aerospace, military and civil applications, Both technology and defense have a huge impact.