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2009年6月12日,江苏确诊首例甲型H1N1(2009)病例。通过细胞和鸡胚分离系统,我们分离到一株具有较高血凝活性的病毒,命名为A/Jiangsu/1/2009。为了跟踪病毒的变异情况,我们开展了病毒的全基因组测序工作,在此基础上对其血凝素基因(Haemagglutinin,HA)的遗传特性进行了详细研究。分离株HA蛋白不具有多碱基HA裂解位点,具有低致病性流感病毒特点。与参考株A/California/04/2009相比,分离株A/Jiangsu/1/2009HA蛋白的有4个氨基酸发生了突变,但都不在已知的抗原位点上。分离株有5个潜在糖基化位点,这与近年来古典猪H1N1和北美三源重配猪H1病毒完全一致,保留了古典猪H1的特点。与禽流感H1病毒相比,分离株HA蛋白受体结合位点上的E190D和G225D发生突变,这可能成为新甲型H1N1(2009)在人际间传播的一个重要分子基础。此外,其它受体结合位点上相关氨基酸同时具有人和猪流感病毒的特点。本研究首次对早期流行的甲型H1N1(2009)流感病毒的HA蛋白的分子遗传特征进行了详细研究,对进一步监测病原变异具有重要指导意义。
June 12, 2009, Jiangsu confirmed the first case of H1N1 (2009) cases. Through the cell and chicken embryo isolation system, we isolated a virus with high blood coagulation activity, named A / Jiangsu / 1/2009. In order to track the variation of the virus, we carried out the genome-wide sequencing of the virus and carried out a detailed study on the genetic characteristics of its hemagglutinin (HA) gene. Isolates HA protein does not have multi-base HA cleavage sites, with low pathogenic influenza virus characteristics. Compared with the reference strain A / California / 04/2009, four amino acids of the A / Jiangsu / 1 / 2009HA protein of the isolate A / Jiangsu / 1/2009 were mutated but none of them were at known antigenic sites. The isolate has five potential glycosylation sites, which are completely consistent with the classical pig H1N1 and the North American triple-source piggyback H1 virus in recent years, retaining the characteristics of the classical pig H1. Mutations in E190D and G225D at the binding site of the HA protein receptor of the isolate compared with the avian influenza virus H1 may be an important molecular basis for the transmission of human new H1N1 (2009). In addition, related amino acids at other receptor binding sites have both human and swine flu viruses. This study, for the first time, makes a detailed study on the molecular genetic characteristics of the HA protein of the influenza A (H1N1) virus that was prevalent in the early days, which is of great guiding significance for further monitoring the pathogen variation.