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目的研究不同城市化水平社区7~17岁儿童青少年膳食结构的变化趋势。方法以“中国健康与营养调查”(CHNS)1991~2011年调查数据为基础,选择有连续3 d 24 h完整膳食数据的7~17岁儿童青少年作为研究对象,描述该儿童青少年人群平均每天各类食物的摄入量及消费率,比较不同城市化水平下食物摄入量与消费率的变化趋势,并与《中国居民膳食指南》食物推荐摄入量进行比较。结果在同一城市化水平社区,1991~2011年20年间,男孩和女孩谷薯类食物与蔬菜类食物摄入量均呈现下降趋势(P<0.05),而畜禽肉类及水产品类、蛋类和奶类食物摄入量呈现上升趋势(P<0.05);水果、畜禽肉类及水产品类、蛋类和奶类消费率呈上升趋势。在同一调查年间,随着社区城市化水平的提高,男孩和女孩谷薯类食物与蔬菜类食物摄入量呈现下降趋势(P<0.05),畜禽肉类及水产品类、蛋类和奶类食物摄入量呈现上升趋势(P<0.05);水果、蛋类和奶类消费率呈上升趋势,畜禽肉类及水产品类消费率基本稳定。结论随着城市化水平的提高,儿童青少年膳食结构有了很大改善,水果、蛋类、畜禽肉和水产品类食物和奶类摄入量更接近推荐摄入量,但是蔬菜、水果、禽类及水产品类和奶类摄入量依然偏低,水果、蛋类和奶类消费率偏低,应提高水果、蛋类和奶类消费率,增加蔬菜、水果、禽类及水产品和奶类食物的摄入量,使膳食结构更加合理。
Objective To study the changing trend of dietary structure of children and adolescents aged 7 to 17 years in communities with different urbanization levels. Methods Based on the survey data of China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) from 1991 to 2011, children aged 7 ~ 17 years with complete diet data of 3 days and 24 hours were selected as the research object to describe the average of this group of children and adolescents The daily intake and consumption rate of various types of food, compared with different levels of urbanization under the trend of food intake and consumption, and with the “Chinese Dietary Guidelines” food recommended intake comparison. Results In the same level of urbanization, the intake of food and vegetable foods for both boys and girls both showed a decreasing trend (P <0.05) in the two years from 1991 to 2011, while that of poultry, meat, aquatic products and eggs The consumption of food in category and milk showed an upward trend (P <0.05). The consumption rate of fruits, livestock and meat, aquatic products, eggs and milk was on the rise. In the same survey year, with the improvement of urbanization in communities, the intake of food grains and vegetables of boys and girls showed a downward trend (P <0.05), that of livestock and poultry meat and aquatic products, eggs and milk (P <0.05). The consumption rate of fruits, eggs and milk showed an upward trend. The consumption rate of meat, meat and aquatic products of livestock and poultry was basically stable. Conclusion With the improvement of urbanization, the dietary structure of children and adolescents has greatly improved. The intake of foodstuffs and milk of fruits, eggs, livestock, poultry and aquatic products is closer to the recommended intake, but vegetables, fruits, Poultry and aquatic products and milk are still low in consumption, with low consumption rates of fruits, eggs and milk, should increase the consumption rate of fruits, eggs and milk and increase the consumption of vegetables, fruits, poultry and aquatic products and milk Food intake, so that the diet more reasonable structure.