目的　观察持续不卧床腹膜透析 (CAPD)治疗小儿急、慢性肾功能衰竭的临床疗效。方法　对确诊为急、慢性肾功能衰竭 ,符合透析指征的 18例患儿行 CAPD治疗。结果　 18例肾功能衰竭的患儿进行 CAPD平均透析时间为 34 .5± 8.0天。住院期间存活 16例 ,死亡 2例。 2例慢性肾功能衰竭患儿出院后在家中继续透析 ,其中 1例因中断透析死亡 ;18例血钾于 2 4～ 48小时恢复正常 ,血浆 HCO- 3于 48～ 72小时内恢复正常。血尿素氮、肌酐值经腹膜透析 5～ 10天分别下降 5 2 .5 %和 40 .2 %。尿毒症症状消失或明显减轻。腹膜透析并发症有腹膜炎、透析管引流处腹透液外渗、透析管移位、低钾、高血糖。结论　 CAPD在治疗小儿急、慢性肾功能衰竭中安全、有效。具备透析指征者尽早使用 CAPD可以控制体内代谢紊乱 ,减轻尿毒症症状 Objective To observe the clinical effect of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) on children with acute and chronic renal failure. Methods 18 patients diagnosed with acute and chronic renal failure who met the dialysis indications were treated with CAPD. Results The mean duration of CAPD dialysis in 18 patients with renal failure was 34.5 ± 8.0 days. 16 patients survived during hospitalization, 2 died. Two children with chronic renal failure continued dialysis at home after discharge, of which 1 died due to interrupted dialysis; 18 cases of serum potassium returned to normal after 24-48 hours and plasma HCO-3 returned to normal within 48-72 hours. Blood urea nitrogen, creatinine value by peritoneal dialysis 5 to 10 days decreased by 52.5% and 40.2%. Uremia symptoms disappear or significantly reduced. Peritoneal dialysis complications are peritonitis, peritoneal dialysis fluid dialysis drainage, dialysis tube shift, hypokalemia, hyperglycemia. Conclusions CAPD is safe and effective in the treatment of children with acute and chronic renal failure. CAPD with dialysis indications can control metabolic disorders in vivo and reduce symptoms of uremia