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目的 通过观察神经元及血管内皮细胞的形态学变化以探讨GM1防治脑血管痉挛(cerebro vascularspasm,CVS)的可能性。方法 将25只Wistar大鼠随机分为5组:对照组、脑血管痉挛组(CVS组)、尼莫地平治疗组(Nim组)、单唾液酸神经节苷脂(GM1)治疗组(GM1 T组)、GM1预防组(GM1 P组)。运用2次注血的方法诱发脑血管痉挛,6h后处死大鼠,4%多聚甲醛灌注固定,光镜观察海马CA1区神经元;电镜观察各组颞叶皮质神经元及血管内皮细胞的超微结构。结果 光镜观察:CVS组海马CA1区神经元肿胀、轮廓不清、排列紊乱,存在空泡样变性及核固缩;Nim组海马CA1区神经元轻度肿胀、排列较乱;GM1 T组的神经元轻度肿胀、排列较规律;GM1 P组海马CA1区神经元排列较规律,尼氏小体可见。电镜观察:CVS组神经元损伤明显,线粒体、粗面内质网、核糖体少见,胞内出现空泡样结构,毛细血管周围间隙扩大、管腔内血小板聚集、粘附;Nim组神经元内见空泡样结构;GM1 T组神经元内仅见少量线粒体破坏,毛细血管内膜、基底膜完整;GM1 P组神经元结构正常,血管内皮细胞结构正常。结论 本研究结果显示GM1可以明显减轻由于CVS所致的神经元及血管内皮细胞的损害。
Objective To explore the possibility of preventing and treating cerebro vascularspasm (CVS) by observing the morphological changes of neurons and vascular endothelial cells. Methods Twenty-five Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups: control group, CVS group, Nimodipine group, GM1 group and GM1 group Group), GM1 prevention group (GM1 P group). Cerebral vasospasm was induced by 2 times injection of blood and rats were sacrificed 6h later, perfusion was fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde, and the hippocampal CA1 neurons were observed with light microscope. The ultrastructure of temporal lobe cortex neurons and vascular endothelial cells microstructure. Results In the CVS group, the neurons in CA1 area of hippocampus were swollen, the outline was unclear, the arrangement was disorganized, there was vacuolar degeneration and nuclear pyknosis. The neurons in hippocampal CA1 area of Nim group were slightly swollen and arranged in disorder; Neurons slightly swollen, arranged more regular; neurons in the CA1 area of GM1 P group arranged more regular, Nissl body visible. Electron microscopy showed that neurons in CVS group had obvious neuron damage, mitochondria, rough endoplasmic reticulum and ribosomes were rare, vacuole-like structure appeared in the cytoplasm, the perivascular space was enlarged, intraluminal platelet aggregation and adhesion were observed. In Nim group, See empty vacuole-like structure; only a small amount of mitochondria damage, capillary endothelium, basement membrane integrity within GM1T neurons; GM1P neurons normal structure, vascular endothelial cell structure is normal. Conclusion The results of this study show that GM1 can significantly reduce the damage of neurons and vascular endothelial cells caused by CVS.