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精子含有大量的潜在抗原,在男性或女性体内的自身或同种免疫应答,可能分别诱发抗特异性精子膜糖蛋白、酶(乳酸脱氢酶-C_4、顶体粒蛋白和透明质酸酶),细胞核中鱼精蛋白以及顶体、赤道部、核后帽和主尾段膜下缺乏特征成分的抗体。然而,迄今为止,只有抗膜糖蛋白的抗体与免疫性生育力低下或不育有关。当存在免疫活性细胞时,这些抗原就具有很强的免疫原性,如大多数输精管切除术后病人(约60%)产生抗体。在血清或精浆中,一般采用凝集或制动技术测定之。近来介绍的各种放射免疫测定试验(RIA)和酶联免疫吸附测定试验的临床价值仍需查证,其中有一些与临床的关联不大并且与传统试验缺乏相关性。许多研究表明抗精子膜抗原的抗体损害生育
Sperm contains a large number of potential antigens, their own or alloimmune responses in men or women may induce anti-specific sperm membrane glycoproteins, enzymes (lactate dehydrogenase-C4, aprotinin and hyaluronidase) , Protamine in the nucleus, and antibodies lacking characteristic components under the apical, equatorial, nuclear apical and main caudal segments. However, to date, only anti-membrane glycoprotein antibodies have been associated with impaired immune fertility or infertility. When immunocompetent cells are present, these antigens are highly immunogenic, as most vasectomized patients (about 60%) produce antibodies. In serum or seminal plasma, agglutination or braking techniques are commonly used. The clinical value of various radioimmunoassay (RIA) and enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay tests recently introduced remains to be verified, and some of them are not clinically relevant and have no relevance to traditional trials. Many studies show that antibodies to anti-sperm membrane antigen impair fertility