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目的:了解内蒙古自治区人间布鲁氏菌病的流行特征，为内蒙古自治区制定布鲁氏菌病防控策略提供可靠的科学依据。方法:采用回顾性研究，自“中国疾病预防控制信息系统”收集2018 - 2020年内蒙古自治区人间布鲁氏菌病疫情资料，自内蒙古自治区各盟（市）上报的年度汇总资料中收集布鲁氏菌病监测数据及确诊病例信息；采用描述性流行病学方法，对布鲁氏菌病的流行概况、三间分布（时间、地区、人群分布）情况及人群主动监测的血清学和病原学检测结果进行分析。结果:2018 - 2020年，内蒙古自治区累计报告布鲁氏菌病病例40 665例，年均发病率为53.47/10万。年发病数从2018年的10 111例增加至2020年的16 406例，年发病率从2018年的39.99/10万增加到2020年的64.60/10万。春夏季为发病高峰，主要集中在3 - 8月，占64.90%（26 390/40 665）。内蒙古自治区12个盟（市）均有布病病例报告，其中报告病例数居前3位的地区依次为通辽市（9 896例）、兴安盟（6 136例）、赤峰市（4 934例）。发病年龄主要集中在30 ~ < 65岁（33 539例），男女性别比为2.18 ∶ 1.00（27 890 ∶ 12 775）；职业分布以农民为主，占79.23%（32 221/40 665）；2018 - 2020年全区主动监测704 085人，其中血清学检测391 941人，感染率为4.57%（17 920/391 941）；主动监测人群新发病例9 539例。3年间共分离出布鲁氏菌羊3型19株、羊1型11株。结论:2018 - 2020年内蒙古自治区布鲁氏菌病发病率呈逐年上升趋势，主动监测人群新发病例较多，有较高的病例漏报情况。建议扩大监测范围，加强人畜间病原监测，各部门联合防控，提高群众的自我防护意识。“,”Objective:To investigate the epidemic characteristics of human brucellosis in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region from 2018 to 2020, and provide a reliable scientific basis for formulating brucellosis prevention and control strategies in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.Methods:A retrospective study was carried out to collect data of human brucellosis in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region from 2018 to 2020 from the “China Disease Control and Prevention Information System”, and the monitoring data and information of confirmed cases were collected from the annual summary data reported by the leagues (cities) of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Using descriptive epidemiological methods, the epidemic situation, three distributions (time, region and population distributions) of brucellosis, and the serological and pathogenic test results of active monitoring population were analyzed.Results:From 2018 to 2020, a total of 40 665 cases of brucellosis were reported in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, with an annual average incidence rate of 53.47/100 000. The number of annual incidence had increased from 10 111 in 2018 to 16 406 in 2020, and the annual incidence rate had increased from 39.99/100 000 in 2018 to 64.60/100 000 in 2020. The spring and summer was the peak incidence, mainly in March to August, accounting for 64.90% (26 390/40 665) . There were reports of brucellosis cases in 12 leagues (cities) of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, and the top 3 regions with the number of reported cases were Tongliao City (9 896 cases), Xing\'an League (6 136 cases) and Chifeng City (4 934 cases). The age of onset of brucellosis cases was mainly 30 - < 65 years old(33 539 cases), and the sex ratio between men and women was 2.18 ∶ 1.00 (27 890 ∶ 12 775); the occupational distribution was mainly farmers, accounting for 79.23% (32 221/40 665). From 2018 to 2020, 704 085 people were actively monitored in the region, of which 391 941 were serologically tested, and the infection rate was 4.57% (17 920/391 941); and there were 9 539 new cases in the active monitoring population. In 3 years, 19 strains ofn Brucella sheep type 3 and 11 strains of n Brucella sheep type 1 were isolated.n Conclusions:From 2018 to 2020, the incidence rate of brucellosis in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region is increasing year by year. There are many new cases in the active monitoring population, and more underreporting cases. It is recommended to expand the scope of monitoring, strengthen pathogen monitoring among humans and animals, and joint prevention and control of various departments to improve the self-protection awareness of the masses.