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在全球气候变化过程中,大气CO2浓度不断升高,已从工业革命前的270μmol·L-1升高到2013年的390μmol·L-1,预计到本世纪末将达到700μmol·L-1,CO2浓度的快速升高将对大豆生产产生重要影响。本文从光合速率、叶面积、叶绿素含量、共生固氮、内源激素、以及干物质积累和大豆产量等方面综述了大气CO2浓度升高产生的影响。大多数研究发现,随着大气CO2浓度升高,大豆光合速率随之升高,但少数研究发现,随大气CO2浓度升高,光合速率反而降低,这可能与植物对CO2浓度升高的光合适应反应有关;叶绿素含量随CO2浓度升高呈现增加趋势,但对一些夏大豆研究发现,叶绿素含量无明显变化;叶面积、共生固氮、干物质积累和产量也都对CO2升高产生不同程度的响应,但响应程度因CO2升高幅度、大豆品种、生育时期和其他试验条件而有所差异;有关于CO2升高对内源激素影响的研究报导较少。针对未来所需要开展的研究,我们提出与光合作用相关酶学生理、内源激素以及碳氮代谢角度对CO2影响大豆产量机制进行深入解析,而且在不同品种之间对CO2浓度升高的响应进行分析,明确品种之间是否存在差异。这将对未来大豆高产育种,提高大豆生长的环境适应性有重要的理论价值;并提出了今后的研究方向。
In the process of global climate change, the concentration of atmospheric CO2 has been rising from 270 μmol·L-1 before the industrial revolution to 390 μmol·L-1 in 2013. It is predicted that by the end of this century, 700 μmol·L-1 and CO2 The rapid increase in concentration will have a major impact on soybean production. This paper reviews the effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 on photosynthetic rate, leaf area, chlorophyll content, symbiotic nitrogen fixation, endogenous hormones, dry matter accumulation and soybean yield. Most studies found that the photosynthetic rate of soybean increased with the increase of atmospheric CO2 concentration. However, few studies found that with the increase of atmospheric CO2 concentration, the photosynthetic rate decreased, which may be related to photosynthesis of plants with elevated CO2 concentration Reaction; the content of chlorophyll increased with the increase of CO2 concentration, but some summer soybean showed no significant change of chlorophyll content; leaf area, symbiotic nitrogen fixation, dry matter accumulation and yield all had different degrees of response to CO2 increase , But the response level varies with the increase of CO2, soybean varieties, growth period and other experimental conditions; there are few reports on the effects of elevated CO2 on endogenous hormones. In view of the research needs to be carried out in the future, we propose that the mechanism of CO2 affecting soybean yield should be further analyzed in terms of physiology, endogenous hormones related to photosynthesis and the perspective of carbon and nitrogen metabolism, and the response of CO2 to different CO2 concentrations Analysis, a clear distinction between varieties. This will have an important theoretical value for high-yield breeding of soybean in the future and improvement of the environmental adaptability of soybean growth. The future research directions are also proposed.