I、引言这里首先要解释一下遗传工程(或基因工程)的含义,然后介绍如何进行基因操作。最后讨论此新领域的某些有关事项以及概述可能的发展。从词义上广义地讲遗传工程不是新的,作为变异和选种的结果,多年来遗传学家已能改变病毒、细菌,甚至在某些场合还有高等生物的基因组。最近用高等生物的细胞融合和细胞核转移的办法也已创造出遗传学上不同的细胞谱系。事实上,本文所谈的遗传工程含义是:在体外将基因,一组基因或部分基因,越过种属差异的障碍从一种生物转入另一种生物的新 I. INTRODUCTION Here we first need to explain the meaning of genetic engineering (or genetic engineering) and then how to perform genetic manipulation. Lastly, we discuss some of the relevant topics in this new area and outline possible developments. Genetically speaking, genetic engineering is not new in terms of meaning, and as a result of mutation and selection over the years, geneticists have been able to change the genomes of viruses, bacteria and, in some cases, even higher organisms. Recent approaches to cell fusion and nuclear transfer with higher organisms have also created genetically distinct cell lineages. In fact, the genetic engineering in this article means that in vitro a new gene, a set of genes or parts of a gene, is transferred from one organism to another organism