目的分析粉尘接触人群血清微小RNA(miRNAs)水平。方法采用整群随机抽样方法,选择479名粉尘接触作业工人作为接尘组,434名无职业性粉尘接触史的健康人员作为对照组,43名尘肺病患者作为尘肺组。采集3组人群周围静脉血分离血清,采用实时定量聚合酶链反应法检测miR-16、miR-21、miR-29a、miR-155、miR-200c、miR-204和miR-206的相对表达水平,观察3组人群miRNAs表达的差异。结果 3组人群miR-16、miR-29a和miR-200c相对表达水平从高至低依次为尘肺组<接尘组<对照组(P<0.05),miR-204相对表达水平从高至低依次为对照组<接尘组<尘肺组(P<0.05)。接尘组和尘肺组人群miR-21相对表达水平均高于对照组(P<0.05),接尘组人群miR-155相对表达水平低于对照组(P<0.05),尘肺组人群miR-206相对表达水平分别高于对照组和接尘组(P<0.05)。结论 miR-16、miR-29a、miR-200c和miR-204可作为尘肺病早期诊断的生物标志物。 Objective To analyze the levels of serum microRNAs (miRNAs) in dust-exposed people. Methods A total of 479 pneumoconiosis workers were selected as the dust pick-up group and 434 healthy volunteers without occupational dust exposure as the control group, and 43 pneumoconiosis patients were selected as the pneumoconiosis group. Serum samples were collected from peripheral venous blood of three groups. The relative expression levels of miR-16, miR-21, miR-29a, miR-155, miR-200c, miR-204 and miR-206 were detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction The differences of miRNAs expression in three groups were observed. Results The relative expression levels of miR-16, miR-29a and miR-200c in the three groups were highest in the pneumoconiosis group (P <0.05), and the relative expression levels of miR-204 were in descending order For the control group