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动脉粥样硬化（ＡＳ）的发生、发展是一个十分复杂的病理过程。它涉及到血管内皮细胞（ＥＣ）、平滑肌细胞（ＳＭＣ）、炎性细胞（如单核细胞、巨噬细胞等）、淋巴细胞、血小板等多种细胞及相关细胞因子。许多研究发现硫酸多糖与ＡＳ存在密切的关系。大多报道表明硫酸多糖可保护ＥＣ免受各种刺激因子的损伤作用，从而阻断ＡＳ形成的起始环节；另外，硫酸多糖也可通过抑制ＶＳＭＣ增殖、迁移；减少炎性细胞、淋巴细胞、血小板等粘附、聚集到血管内膜；抑制补体的激活等多种途径来达到抗ＡＳ目的。但也有文献报道部分硫酸多糖反而促进ＡＳ形成。而且硫酸多糖的抗ＡＳ活性与其分子结构有关，所以ＡＳ与硫酸多糖的关系是一直存在争议的问题。
The development of atherosclerosis (AS) is a very complicated pathological process. It involves a variety of cells such as vascular endothelial cells (ECs), smooth muscle cells (SMCs), inflammatory cells (such as monocytes, macrophages, etc.), lymphocytes, platelets and related cytokines. Many studies found that sulfated polysaccharides and AS are closely related. Most reports indicate that sulfated polysaccharides can protect EC from the damage of various stimulating factors, thus blocking the initiation of AS formation. In addition, sulfated polysaccharides can also inhibit the proliferation and migration of VSMC and reduce the number of inflammatory cells, lymphocytes and platelets Such as adhesion, aggregation to the intima; inhibition of complement activation and other means to achieve anti-AS purposes. However, it is also reported in the literature that some sulfated polysaccharides instead promote AS formation. Moreover, the anti-AS activity of sulfated polysaccharides is related to its molecular structure, so the relationship between AS and sulfated polysaccharide has been a controversial issue.