急性白血病占青少年恶性肿瘤的第一位,其发病率目前有上升的趋势,诊断并不十分困难(借助于常规白细胞分类及骨髓细胞形态学和组织化学检查)。但如何做到早期诊断,及时而较正确的治疗并不容易。本例为17岁男性学生,因“感冒”有头晕、乏力等不适,继有发热、出血、贫血等表现而就诊,检查胸骨有轻度叩击痛,血常规显示血红蛋白中度减低、血小板明显下降,白细胞总数升高,骨髓细胞分类计数原始及早幼粒细胞分别达40％及25％,过氧化物酶染色为强阳性,故急性非淋巴细胞白血病的诊断可以确定。下面着重讨论几个问题。 Acute leukemia accounts for the largest number of adolescent malignancies, and its morbidity is currently on the rise. Diagnosis is not very difficult (with the help of conventional leukocyte classification and myeloid cell morphology and histochemical examination). But how to do early diagnosis, timely and more accurate treatment is not easy. In this case, a 17-year-old male student was diagnosed with fever, hemorrhage and anemia because of “dizziness”, dizziness, fatigue and other symptoms. He had mild percussion pain in the sternum, blood hemoglobin was moderately reduced, and thrombocytopenia was obvious Decreased, the total number of white blood cells increased, the classification of bone marrow cells as early as early promyelocytic cells were 40% and 25%, peroxidase staining is strongly positive, so the diagnosis of acute non-lymphocytic leukemia can be determined. The following discussion focuses on a few questions.