论文部分内容阅读
目的了解医务人员血源性传染病职业暴露现状及影响因素,为提高医务人员职业防护意识,规范操作行为,制订防护措施提供科学依据。方法收集2012年1月-2014年12月我院医务人员血源性传染病职业暴露资料,调查分析医务人员在临床工作中发生职业暴露的情况。结果共有56人次发生血源性传染病职业暴露,其中护理人员41人次,占73.21%;临床医师8人次,占14.29%;非医护人员7人次,占12.50%。暴露者年龄30岁以下43人次,占76.79%。暴露科室以手术室最高,为20人次(占35.71%),外科14人次(占25%),消化内科10人次(占17.86%),内镜中心7人次(占12.50%),检验科5人次(占8.93%)。暴露方式主要为锐器损伤和接触暴露,分别为38人次(占67.86%)和18人次(占32.14%)。暴露部位以拇指为主,为20人次,占35.71%。暴露源以慢性乙肝居多,为34人次(占60.71%),其次为丙肝和梅毒,分别为5人次(占8.93%)和12人次(占21.43%)。暴露者发生职业暴露后均能正确进行局部消毒处理,根据暴露者暴露情况及对源患者病原体自身免疫情况给于相应干预,随访6个月,无感染病例发生。结论医务人员尤其是护理人员,是血源性传染病职业暴露的高危人群,应建立健全工作制度,加强职业防护知识培训,规范操作流程,配备防护用品、暴露后采取有效干预等措施以防止感染的发生。
Objective To understand the status quo and influencing factors of occupational exposure to blood-borne infectious diseases among medical staffs and to provide scientific evidences for improving occupational protection awareness, standardizing operational behaviors and formulating protective measures. Methods The data of occupational exposure to blood-borne infectious diseases among medical staff in our hospital from January 2012 to December 2014 were collected and analyzed to investigate the occupational exposure of medical staff in clinical work. Results There were 56 occupational exposure to blood-borne diseases, of which 41 were nursing staff, accounting for 73.21%; 8 were clinicians, accounting for 14.29%; 7 were non-medical staff, accounting for 12.50%. The number of exposed persons under the age of 43 was 43, accounting for 76.79%. The number of exposed departments was the highest in the operating room, which was 20 (35.71%), 14 in surgery (25%), 10 in gastroenterology (17.86%), 7 in endoscopy (12.50%), and 5 in laboratory (Accounting for 8.93%). The main exposure methods were sharps injuries and exposures, which were 38 (67.86%) and 18 (32.14%) respectively. Exposure to thumb-based, 20 people, accounting for 35.71%. The source of exposure was mostly chronic hepatitis B, 34 (60.71%), followed by hepatitis C and syphilis, accounting for 5 (8.93%) and 12 (21.43%) patients, respectively. Exposure to occupational exposure of exposed persons can be properly disinfected locally. According to the exposure of the exposed persons and the autoimmune pathogens of the source patients, corresponding interventions were conducted. After 6 months of follow-up, no infection occurred. Conclusion Medical staff, especially nurses, are the high-risk occupational occupational groups of blood-borne diseases and should establish and improve the working system, strengthen the training of occupational protection knowledge, standardize the operational procedures, provide protective equipment and take effective intervention after exposure to prevent infection happened.