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目的评价2014年新疆地方病健康教育的效果,并提出科学的防治策略。方法根据中央重大公共卫生服务项目健康素养促进行动项目的要求,结合新疆地方病防治工作的实际情况,2014年在全疆开展了地方病健康教育效果评估;每个项目县随机抽取3~5个乡,在每个乡中心小学随机抽取30名5年级学生,同时在学校所在地随机抽取15名家庭主妇以问卷方式进行基线调查;开展健康教育促进活动4个月后,用统一的调查问卷开展效果评价。结果开展多种形式的健康教育促进活动后,小学生和家庭主妇地方病防治知识知晓率大幅提高,碘缺乏病相关知识知晓率干预前分别为87.39%和85.37%,干预后提高到95.00%和93.72%;饮水型氟中毒相关知识知晓率由干预前的75.09%和69.04%提高到干预后的92.40%和92.01%;饮茶型氟中毒相关知识知晓率由干预前的87.30%和85.08%提高到干预后的94.44%和92.54%;饮水型砷中毒相关知识知晓率由干预前的78.44%和55.19%提高到干预后的92.44和89.26%。结论新疆地方病较严重的病区实施健康教育干预措施后,小学生和家庭主妇地方病防治知识知晓率明显提高,但群众健康行为的养成还需加强教育,应加大对基层群众的宣传力度,尤其关注重点病区。
Objective To evaluate the effect of health education on endemic diseases in Xinjiang in 2014 and to propose a scientific prevention and control strategy. Methods According to the requirements of health literacy promotion action items of major public health service projects in central China and the actual situation of prevention and treatment of endemic diseases in Xinjiang, the effectiveness evaluation of health education on endemic diseases was carried out in Xinjiang in 2014. Each project county randomly selected 3 to 5 townships, A total of 30 Grade 5 students were randomly selected from each township primary school and 15 housewives were selected randomly from the school site to conduct a baseline survey by questionnaire. After conducting health education promotion activities for 4 months, a unified questionnaire was used to evaluate the effect. Results After various forms of health education promotion activities were carried out, the awareness rates of prevention and treatment of endemic diseases among primary school students and housewives were significantly raised. The rates of awareness of related knowledge of iodine deficiency disorders were 87.39% and 85.37% respectively before intervention and 95.00% and 93.72% respectively after intervention. ; The awareness rate of drinking water fluorosis related knowledge increased from 75.09% and 69.04% before intervention to 92.40% and 92.01% after intervention; knowledge rate of drinking tea fluorosis related knowledge increased from 87.30% and 85.08% before intervention to intervention 94.44% and 92.54% respectively. The awareness rate of drinking-related arsenism was increased from 78.44% and 55.19% before intervention to 92.44 and 89.26% after intervention. Conclusions After the implementation of health education interventions in ward endemic to endemic areas in Xinjiang, the awareness rates of prevention and control of endemic diseases among primary school students and housewives have been significantly raised. However, the development of health behaviors of the masses needs to be further strengthened and more publicity should be given to grassroots people, especially Focus on ward.