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以三组不同地理来源的9个亲本组配二类18个杂交组合。研究结果表明:大豆品种间杂交一代的杂种优势普遍存在;不同性状、组合间有明显差异。单株粒重的优势最强,地理远缘组合的大部分性状超亲优势率均大于相同地理来源组合。选择地理上远缘且生态类型上有差异的双亲进行组配,杂种一代的产量超亲优势最强。遗传相关分析结果表明:F_1的产量与产量因素中的单株粒数、单株荚数呈极显著遗传正相关;与每荚粒数、百粒重相关不显著。对产量因素与产量进行通径分析表明:单株粒数对产量的直接作用大于单株荚数,是杂种一代产量优势最主要的贡献因素。对 F_1的分枝、百粒重性状与双亲均值、小值亲本、大值亲本的关系进行通径分析结果表明:分枝数以双亲均值对 F_1的直接影响最大;百粒重以大值亲本对 F_1的直接影响最大。
Nine parents of three different geographic origins were grouped with two types of 18 cross combinations. The results showed that the heterosis of the cross between the soybean varieties was ubiquitous. There were significant differences among different traits and combinations. The grain weight per plant had the strongest advantage, and the majority of the traits in the geographical far-edge combinations were higher than those of the same geographical origin. The selection of geographically distant and ecologically diverse parents to pair and match, the hybrid generation of super-pro-edge superiority. The results of genetic correlation analysis showed that the yield of F 1 was significantly and genetically positively correlated with the number of plant per plant and the number of pods per plant, but not with the number of per plant. Path analysis of yield factors and yield showed that the direct effect of grain number per plant on yield was greater than the number of pods per plant, which was the most important contributor to yield superiority of hybrid generation. The path analysis of the relationship between the branch of F_1, the index of hundred kernel weight and parents, the small parent and the large parent showed that the direct influence of the average number of branches to parents on F_1 was the largest; The direct impact on F_1 is the largest.