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甲午战争之后,清廷不得不签订丧权辱国的《马关条约》,举国激愤。慷慨悲歌之士“破天一声挥大斧”,恨不能将数千年来积弱的网罗悉数冲决,一时间各种凌厉热狂的言论互争雄长。湖广总督张之洞在作于1898年春的《劝学篇》序中描述了当时知识界的混乱场景:“恢诡倾危乱名改作之流,遂杂出其说以荡众心。学者摇摇,中无所主。”张之洞为官多年,明达时务,在兴办书院学堂、编练新军、振兴实业等方面积有丰富经验。他深知,要扶危定倾必需应敌制度,提倡新学。但是,如果没有中国人
After the Sino-Japanese War, the Qing court had to sign the “Treaty of Shimonoseki” that humiliated and insulted the country and aroused the nation’s anger. Generous pessimists of “breaking the sky to make big spears”, can not wait for thousands of years to accumulate the network of weakness, for a time a variety of fierce and fanatical resentment. Zhang Zhidong, governor of Huguango, described the chaotic scenes of the intelligentsia in the preface to the book of Enlightenment in the spring of 1898: “The flow of reproached, Shaking, there is no Lord. ”Zhang Zhidong for many years, to understand the current affairs, in the establishment of the school academy, practice the new army, rejuvenation of industry and so on have a wealth of experience. He knows very well that it is necessary to help the government to defend itself and promote new learning. However, if there is no Chinese