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全球气候变化使人类面临巨大挑战,在国际社会建立气候变化多边机制努力艰难情势下,美国单边推出碳关税措施,对未采取相应温室气体减排措施的国家进口的能源密集型和碳密集型产品征收的二氧化碳排放税,在国际上引起轩然大波。本文通过探析美国碳关税法案背后的政策考量,对其作为单边措施的合理性和在WTO体制下的合法性提出质疑,揭露碳关税贸易保护义实质。但是本文也认为随着低碳理念在全球的深入,WTO规则也不断完善自身环境贸易规则,加强单边环境贸易措施约束机制的建设,碳关税作为一种边境调节税有被纳入多边贸易体制的可能性。因此,我国应对此应及早做出战略安排。
The global climate change poses a great challenge to mankind. Under the difficult situation of the international community in establishing a multilateral mechanism for climate change, the United States unilaterally introduced carbon tariff measures to import energy-intensive and carbon-intensive products to countries that did not adopt corresponding greenhouse gas emission reduction measures Carbon dioxide emissions tax levied on products, causing an uproar in the international community. By examining the policy considerations behind the US carbon tariff act, this article challenges its legitimacy as a unilateral measure and the legitimacy under the WTO system and reveals the essence of the protection of carbon tariff trade. However, this article also believes that with the deepening of the low-carbon concept in the world, the WTO rules also constantly improve their own environmental trade rules and strengthen the construction of a constraint mechanism for unilateral environmental trade measures. As a kind of border adjustment tax, carbon tariffs are incorporated into the multilateral trade system possibility. Therefore, our country should make strategic arrangements as soon as possible.