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放射性核素进入人体的主要途径是呼吸道、胃肠道和伤口,某些放射性核素亦可通过皮肤和粘膜而进入人体内。水是人类生活中不可缺少的重要组成部份,通过饮水,饮料及食物中所含水份等经过胃肠道而进入体内。一个正常人平均每天要消耗2.2升水才可维持生命。水中所含有的天然放射性物质将随水份一道进入人体,参与整个新陈代谢过程,从而对人体产生一定的内照射剂量。本文根据卫生部1982年下达的“我国环境电离辐射水平及其对居民所致照射剂量评价研究”课题中内照照剂量部份,对宁夏各种水源的天然铀、钍、镭-226及钾-40进行了测定,同时估算了宁夏居民饮用水中四种天然放射性核素人口加权平均值及饮水所致
Radionuclides enter the body’s main routes are the respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract and wounds, some of radionuclides can also enter the body through the skin and mucous membranes. Water is an indispensable part of human life and enters the body through the gastrointestinal tract through the water contained in drinking water, beverages and food. A normal average daily consumption of 2.2 liters of water to maintain their lives. The natural radioactive substances contained in the water will enter the body together with the water to participate in the entire metabolic process, resulting in a certain amount of internal radiation dose to the human body. This article according to the Ministry of Health issued in 1982, "China’s environmental levels of ionizing radiation and its assessment of radiation dose caused by residents within the subject of the dose within the photo, a variety of water sources in Ningxia natural uranium, thorium, radium-226 and potassium -40 were measured, while estimating the residents of Ningxia drinking water in four natural radionuclide population-weighted average and caused by drinking water