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This study investigated the variation of serum monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1)in patients with both diabetes mellitus (DM) and metabolic syndrome (MS).Based on the Intational Diabetes Federation (IDF) diagnostic criteria,93 patients enrolled in this study were divided into four groups:normal control (NC),simple DM,simple MS,and DM plus MS (DM-MS) groups.The main measures included height,weight,waist circumference (WC),hip circumference,blood pressure,fasting blood glucose,insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR),serum triglyceride (TG),HDL-ch,LDL-ch,and MCP-1.The results showed that the serum levels of MCP-1 in the DM-MS group were significantly increased as compared with those in the DM and MS groups (P＜0.05),and the increase in the MCP-1 level in the DM group was much higher than in the MS group (P＜0.05).The DM-MS group had the highest HOMA-IR levels,followed by MS,DM and NC groups (P＜0.05).Correlation tests showed that the association of MCP-1 with age,HDL-ch,or LDL-ch was insignificant,whereas that of MCP-1 with body mass index (BMI),waist hip rate (WHR),WC,systolic blood pressure (SBP),diastolic blood pressure (DBP),TG,and HOMA-IR was significantly positive.It was concluded that circulating MCP-1 was substantially increased in patients with both DM and MS as compared with that in the patients with DM or MS alone,and the central obese state may contribute to a more vicious proinflammatory condition and insulin resistance in patients with diabetes.