一、引言微电极技术是近二十年来发展极为迅速的一种重要电化学研究技术.它的出现极大地推动了电化学各领域及化学传感器、生物传感器的发展,从而对电化学理论及应用、电分析化学、生命科学和临床医学等领域产生了深远影响。所谓微电极是指至少在一个方向上的尺寸小于几十微米的电极。电极微型化的意义不仅限于尺寸缩小带来的直接影响(例如埋入体内进行在体在位检测),更重要的是提供了极为优异的电化学特性,如具有高的稳态电流密度。高的信噪比,极小的时间常数和低的溶液电位降,特别适用于常规电极不能应用的高阻抗介质中的电化学测试或无支持电解质的测量体系。此外,微电极的稳态测量不受与流动有关的参数影响。因而在生命科学研究领域,微电极是活体原位检测的有力工具;在电化学反应机理研究中可用于检测中间产物或测定电化学参数(如扩散系数等)。然而,微电极技 I. INTRODUCTION Microelectrode technology is an important electrochemical technology developed rapidly in recent twenty years and has greatly promoted the development of electrochemical sensors and biosensors in various fields of electrochemical field. , Electroanalytical Chemistry, Life Science and Clinical Medicine have had a profound impact. The so-called microelectrode refers to the electrode in at least one dimension smaller than several tens of microns. The significance of electrode miniaturization is not limited to the direct effect of size reduction (eg, in-body detection in-vivo), but more importantly provides extremely excellent electrochemical properties such as high steady state current densities. High signal-to-noise ratio, very low time constant and low solution potential drop are particularly suitable for electrochemical testing or electrolyte-free measurement systems in high-impedance media where conventional electrodes can not be used. In addition, steady-state measurements of the microelectrode are unaffected by flow-related parameters. Therefore, in the field of life science research, the microelectrode is a powerful tool for the in situ detection of the living body. It can be used to detect the intermediate product or to determine the electrochemical parameters (such as diffusion coefficient) in the electrochemical reaction mechanism research. However, microelectrode technology