脉冲电流法、空声超声局放检测、声纹局放检测是电力设备局部放电常用的检测方式.为研究典型放电模型的局放声信号特性,本文以上3种检测方法原理的基础上,搭建针尖模型、沿面模型声学检测实验系统,对不同曲率半径的针尖模型及不同导电膏长度的沿面放电模型进行声学测试.实验结果表明,空声局放检测、声纹局放检测对部分针尖放电模型表现出不同的灵敏性,通过空声局放与声纹局放检测相结合的方法,更有利有电缆局放信号的全面检测.基于声纹识别技术,绘制不同类型局部放电声信号的FFT图,分析不同模式局部放电超声信号频率分布的差异性,针尖放电模型的声纹局放信号频段集中在17～27kHz,不同长度导电膏放电模型的声纹局放信号集中在20～25kHz,现场对电缆进行声纹局放检测时可加强该频段声纹局放信号的测试,现场电缆模型的局部放电检测提供依据.“,”The pulse current method, acoustic and ultrasonic partial discharge (PD) detection, and voiceprint PD detection are commonly used detection methods for the PD detection of power equipment. To study the characteristics of PD signals of typical discharge models based on the principles of the above three detection methods, an acoustic detection experimental system consisting of a needle-tip model and a surface model was built. Acoustic tests were carried out on needle-tip models with different curvature radii and surface discharge models with different lengths of conductive paste. The experimental results showed that acoustic and ultrasonic PD detection and voiceprint PD detection exhibited different sensitivities to the needle-tip discharge models, and the combination of acoustic and ultrasonic PD and voiceprint PD detection was more beneficial for the comprehensive detection of cable PD signals. Based on voiceprint recognition technology, this study drew FFT (Fast Fourier Transformation) diagrams of different types of PD acoustic signals and analyzed the differences in the ultrasonic signal frequency distribution. The frequency band of the voiceprint PD signal of the needle-tip discharge models was concentrated in the range 17–27 kHz, and the frequency band of the voiceprint PD signal of the conductive paste discharge models was concentrated in the range 20–25 kHz. The measurement of voiceprint PD signals in these frequency bands were strengthened when the PD of a cable was detected on-site, which provides the basis for the use of the cable model for on-site PD detection.