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目的了解乌鲁木齐地区部分医务人员锐器伤职业暴露现状和分析锐器伤伤害的发生原因及影响因素,为锐器伤职业防护政策及制度的建立及完善提供实质性依据。方法取乌鲁木齐地区2所三级甲等医院普外科、妇科、内科、放疗科四个病区的医务人员作为研究对象,采用Epidata3.1软件建立数据库;运用SPSS17.0统计软件进行数据分析。结果医务人员不同维度暴露因素对健康影响比较显示:除了生活方式以外,其他因素对医务人员的健康均有影响。多因素分析发现,文化程度、职业和科室类别以及血源性病原体和个人防护暴露方式是锐器伤危害的主要影响因素。结论锐器伤职业暴露影响医务人员身体健康,而医务人员接受各类职业暴露培训也较少,不能及时获得防护信息和得到防护知识的补充,造成防护意识薄弱、防护技能欠缺,因此需要加强培训和提高认识的薄弱环节应设立相应的业务指引及加强医务人员的自身防护,提高职业安全的认识,制定切实可行的应急措施和防护策略,有效预防职业暴露的发生,保证医务人员的职业安全。
Objective To understand the current status of occupational exposure to sharps injuries in some medical workers in Urumqi and to analyze the causes and influencing factors of sharp injury injuries and to provide a substantial basis for the establishment and improvement of occupational protection policies and systems for sharp injuries. Methods The medical staff in four wards of general surgery department, gynecology department, internal medicine department and radiotherapy department in two first-class hospitals of Urumqi were selected as the research object. The database was set up by Epidata 3.1 software. The data were analyzed by using SPSS17.0 statistical software. Results The comparison of the health effects of exposure factors of different dimensions of medical staff shows that besides the way of life, other factors have an impact on the health of medical staff. Multivariate analysis found that educational level, occupational and departmental categories, and exposure to blood-borne pathogens and personal protection were the major risk factors for sharps injuries. Conclusions Occupational exposure to sharps injuries may affect the health of medical personnel. However, medical personnel receive little training in various occupational exposures. They can not obtain timely protection information and are supplemented by protective knowledge, resulting in weak awareness of protection and lack of protective skills. Therefore, intensive training is needed And raising awareness of the weak links should be set up the corresponding business guidelines and to strengthen self-protection of medical staff to improve occupational safety awareness, develop practical emergency measures and prevention strategies to effectively prevent occupational exposure and ensure the occupational safety of medical staff.