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为了更准确地掌握苦楝的地理变异及其规律,对17个省份的70个苦楝种源的果核和种子的18个性状进行了观测和分析。结果表明:苦楝不同种源间在果核和种子表型性状上存在显著差异,大多数性状的重复力大于85%,其中种子百粒重、果核宽的种源重复力较高,达到98%以上;其次是果核百粒重、种子大小性状;而棱粒比、果核果形系数b的重复力较小,分别为74.56%、49.14%。部分性状的种源变异存在明显的地理趋势:由东向西,果核的宽度和质量、种子宽度、果核皮厚度、果核单果棱数均有增大的趋势;由南向北,果核长度、种子宽度、种子质量、果核单果棱数和果核皮系数均有增大的趋势,种子趋于粗短的椭圆形;海拔由低到高,果核和种子宽度、果核质量、果核皮厚度、果核单果棱数呈增大趋势,果核趋于圆形,种子趋于粗短的椭圆形。根据苦楝果实的18个性状指标的聚类分析,可将70个种源划分为8类,种源类群间性状差异也显著。
In order to grasp more accurately the geographical variation and the rules of Melia azedarach, 18 characters of seeds and seeds of 70 Melia varieties in 17 provinces were observed and analyzed. The results showed that there was a significant difference in phenotypic traits between the different provenances of Melia azedarach and seed, and the repeatability of most traits was greater than 85%. The repeatability of seed weight and nucleus width was higher %, Followed by the kernel weight of 100, seed size traits; and the edge ratio, the fruit core shape coefficient b less repeatability, respectively, 74.56%, 49.14%. There are obvious geographical trends in some provenance variations: from east to west, the width and quality of the fruit nucleus, seed width, the thickness of the fruit pericarp and the number of single edges of the fruit nucleus all increase. From south to north, fruit The seed length, seed width, seed quality, the number of single fruit and the number of fruit and cortex and fruit skin both increased, and the seeds tended to be short and oval; the altitude was from low to high, the kernel and seed width, , The thickness of the fruit nucleus, the number of single nucleus of fruit nucleus showed an increasing trend, the nucleus tends to be round, the seed tends to stubby oval. According to the clustering analysis of 18 traits of Melia azedarach, 70 provenances can be divided into 8 categories, and the differences of traits among provenances were also significant.