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目的：探讨重症监护室呼吸机相关肺炎的相关危险因素。方法收集重症监护室机械通气大于48h的患者相关流行病学和临床资料，进行统计学分析。结果高龄（年龄＞60岁）(χ2=4.99，p=0.025)、合并有基础疾病(χ2=18.02，p=0.000)、长期使用抗生素(χ2=4.12，p=0.042)、营养支持<25kcal/Kg/d (χ2=24.49， p=0.000)、血清白蛋白<35g/L(χ2=21.65，p=0.000)、血红蛋白水平48h) were colected and then analyzed.Results The risk factors of the ventilator-associated pneumonia included older than 60 years old (χ2=4.99,p=0.025), associated with underlying diseases(χ2=18.02,p=0.000),using antibiotics long time(χ2=4.12,p=0.042), nutritional support<25kcal/Kg/d(χ2=24.49,p=0.000), serum albumin<35g/L(χ2=21.65,p=0.000), hemoglobin6 days(χ2=12.53,p=0.000), using antacids (χ2=4.14,p=0.042)and time of using antacids ≥ 3 days (χ2=10.42,p=0.001). Conclusions ICU patients with mechanical ventilation should prudently use antibiotics, strictly grasp the occasion of removing ventilator, improve the nutritional support of patients and reduce the use of antacid or use sucralfate instead of antacid.