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1793年,清朝正处于乾隆盛世。为开辟商品市场和获取工业原料来源,对中国这个东方大国久闻其名并充满好奇和期待的大英帝国,派遣以马戛尔尼为团长的四百多人的代表团正式访问大清。带来的礼品既有显示英国军事实力的铜炮、榴弹炮、毛瑟枪、连珠枪,加配全套装备、拥有一百一十门重炮的英军最大军舰的模型,也有显示英国科学和工业水平的天文地理仪器、工艺品、日用品、工矿产品、图片、画像等。但这些礼物及其所包含的西方科技发展
In 1793, the Qing Dynasty was in Qianlong’s prosperity. In order to open up commodity markets and obtain sources of industrial raw materials, a delegation of over 400 delegates headed by Macartney paid a formal visit to the Qing Empire for the British Empire, a country famous for its long history and full of curiosity and expectations. The gifts included both bronze cannons, howitzers, Mauser guns, rifles, fully equipped models of British military strength, models of the largest British warship with 110 heavy artillery, as well as British science and industry-level astronomical geography Instruments, handicrafts, daily necessities, mining products, pictures, portraits and so on. But these gifts and the Western science and technology they contain have developed