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日本天然资源贫乏,能源绝大部分依靠进口,尤其是石油,1973年第一次石油危机时,进口石油在日本一次能源消费中占的比例已经高达77％,以致经济基础相当脆弱。1973年以来,节约能源和寻找其他替代能源一直是日本能源政策的基点,特别是核能得到了最迅速的发展。据日本自然资源和能源机构及通产省1990年12月的一份报告中报道,到1990年6月底,日本有38个核电厂在运行,总装机容量30.4吉瓦,是西方世界的第三大核能生产国(美国有109个机组,120.6吉瓦装机容量;法国有54个机组,53.6吉瓦装机容量)。核能在一次能源消费中占的比例已经从1973年的0.6％提高到目前的8.9％;石油在一次能源消费中占的比例,则从1973年的77.4％下降到目前的57.9％。99.8％的石油依靠进口,其中71％来自中东。显然,日本能源依赖外国的程度仍然非常严重。
Japan’s natural resources are poor and most of its energy depends on imports, especially oil. When the first oil crisis occurred in 1973, imported oil accounted for 77% of Japan’s primary energy consumption, which made the economic base vulnerable. Since 1973, energy conservation and the search for alternative energy sources have been the basis of Japan’s energy policy, and nuclear energy in particular has achieved the most rapid development. According to a report of the Japan Natural Resources and Energy Agency and the Ministry of International Telecommunications in December 1990, by the end of June 1990, Japan had 38 nuclear power plants in operation, with a total installed capacity of 30.4 GW, which was the third largest in the Western world. Large nuclear energy producing countries (the United States has 109 units with an installed capacity of 120.6 GW; France has 54 units with an installed capacity of 53.6 GW). The proportion of nuclear energy in primary energy consumption has increased from 0.6% in 1973 to the current 8.9%; the proportion of oil in primary energy consumption has dropped from 77.4% in 1973 to the current 57.9%. 99.8% of the oil is imported, of which 71% comes from the Middle East. Obviously, Japan’s dependence on foreign energy is still very serious.