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在科学哲学中,自从以库恩为代表的历史主义学派兴起以来,科学合理性问题上的相对主义倾向日趋严重,对科学发展的说明也渗入了大量非理性因素,以致科学合理性问题成为当代科学哲学的热点和焦点问题之一。在这个问题的探讨中,上个世纪70年代形成了以劳丹为代表的新历史主义与以夏皮尔为代表的科学实在论的两大阵营。劳丹在批判吸收库恩、拉卡托斯以及费耶阿本德等人的理论成果的基础上提出了自己独特的理论,特别在其《科学与价值——科学的目的及其在科学争论中的作用》一书中所提出的科学发展的网状模型理论,为解决科学发展中的哲学困境提供了较为合理而有效的方案,为维护科学发展的合理性做出了突出贡献。劳丹关于科学合理性的理论探讨不论对于丰富马克思主义哲学,还是对于更新我们的科学观念,都具有极为重要的现实意义。
In the philosophy of science, since the rise of the school of historicism represented by Kuhn, the tendency of relativism on the issue of scientific rationality has become increasingly serious. The explanation of the scientific development has also infiltrated a large number of irrational factors, so that the problem of scientific rationality has become a contemporary issue One of the hot spots and focal issues of philosophy of science. In the discussion of this issue, two major camps of New Historicism represented by Laudan and Scientific Realism represented by Shapiro were formed in the 1970s. On the basis of critically absorbing the theoretical achievements of Kuhn, Lakatos and Feyerabend, Laudan put forward his own unique theory, especially in his “science and value - the purpose of science and its controversy in science In the role of ”a book proposed by the scientific development of the mesh model theory, to solve the philosophical plight of the scientific development provides a more reasonable and effective programs, in order to maintain the scientific development has made outstanding contributions to the rationality. Laudan’s theoretical discussions on the rationality of science have extremely important practical significance both for enriching Marxist philosophy and for updating our scientific concepts.