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目的调查贵州省毕节市地氟病病区铁炉的使用情况,分析使用铁炉满意度的影响因素,为地氟病改炉改灶措施的后期管理和可持续发展提供依据。方法采取分层随机抽样的方法,按病区改炉改灶实施年限进行分层,每层抽取1个乡镇进行集中和入户调查。分析当地农民铁炉使用及维护情况,以及对炉灶使用的满意度,采用Logistic回归分析使用铁炉满意度的影响因素。结果当地铁炉使用率为80.0%,改良铁炉拥有率为65.0%。铁炉正确使用率为51.3%,改良铁炉正确使用率大于一般铁炉(χ2=8.32,P=0.004)。病区改良铁炉完好率(69.5%)高于一般铁炉(39.1%)(χ2=20.94,P<0.001),铁炉损坏部件中,以烟道损坏最严重;改良铁炉的完好率随使用时间的延长逐渐降低(χ2趋势=15.15,P<0.001)。Logistic回归分析显示铁炉完好和有技术支持能提高使用铁炉满意度,铁炉使用时室内有煤烟会降低铁炉使用满意度。结论随着地氟病改炉改灶措施的实施,调查地区农民改良铁炉使用率不断提高,初步形成了良好的生活方式。保证铁炉使用满意度和持续提供技术支持有助于加强改炉改灶的后期管理,促进燃煤型氟中毒防治工作的可持续发展。
Objective To investigate the use of iron furnace in endemic fluorosis in Bijie City, Guizhou Province, and to analyze the influencing factors of the use of iron furnace satisfaction so as to provide the basis for the later management and sustainable development of ground fluorosis treatment. Methods Stratified stratified random sampling method was adopted, stratified according to the years of implementation of the stove-to-stove transformation stove, and one township was selected for each floor for centralized and household survey. Analysis of local farmers iron furnace use and maintenance, as well as the satisfaction of the use of stoves, using Logistic regression analysis of the factors that affect the use of iron stove satisfaction. As a result, the local furnace utilization rate was 80.0% and the improved furnace ownership rate was 65.0%. The correct utilization rate of iron furnace was 51.3%, and the correct utilization rate of improved iron furnace was higher than that of normal iron furnace (χ2 = 8.32, P = 0.004). The improvement rate of improved iron furnace in the ward (69.5%) was higher than that of the common iron furnace (χ2 = 20.94, P <0.001), and that of the damaged parts of the iron furnace was the most serious. The prolongation of use time decreased gradually (χ2 trend = 15.15, P <0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that good iron cooker and technical support can improve the satisfaction of the use of iron furnace, indoor use of smeltery iron smelters will reduce the satisfaction of iron furnace use. Conclusions With the implementation of the measures to change the stove of ground fluorosis, the utilization rate of improved stoves in the surveyed areas has been continuously improved, and a good lifestyle has been initially formed. Ensuring the satisfaction of using iron furnaces and providing continuous technical support will help to strengthen the late management of furnace improvement and promote the sustainable development of coal-based fluorosis prevention and control.