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土壤结构是土壤保水保肥特性的基础,土壤微形态作为研究土壤结构的重要手段,对研究土壤结构发育及变化有着重要的作用。本文以河北曲周长期定位施肥试验站的温室和农田土壤为研究对象,应用物理分析方法、土壤薄片及数字图像处理技术,研究有机种植(OM)、无公害种植(NU)、常规种植(CF)3种种植方式对土壤结构的影响。结果表明:常规种植下,土壤结构以稍紧实的中度分离的棱角块状和板状结构为主,孔隙发育状况较弱,主要为裂隙和简单堆集性孔隙;有机种植下,土壤结构以疏松的高度分离的粒状和团粒结构为主,发育良好的团聚体数量明显增加,动植物残体丰富,土壤生物和酶的活性增强,土壤孔隙发育状况良好,以复合堆叠孔隙和面状孔隙为主,土壤孔隙度明显增加,表层高达55.4%,土壤薄片孔隙面积百分比最大为33%;无公害种植条件下土壤结构发育程度居于有机种植和常规种植二者之间。因此,有机种植是改善华北地区温室和农田土壤结构、提高土壤质量和实现土壤可持续发展的有效措施。
Soil structure is the foundation of soil water retention and fertility characteristics. Soil micro-morphology is an important method to study soil structure and plays an important role in the study of soil structure development and change. In this paper, the greenhouses and farmland soils of long-term fertilization experimental stations in Quzhou, Hebei Province were selected as the research objects. By means of physical analysis, soil sheets and digital image processing techniques, the effects of organic planting (OM), nuisance free planting (NU) Effects of Three Planting Methods on Soil Structure. The results showed that under normal planting, the structure of soil was dominated by slightly solid and moderately segregated angular block and plate-like structures with weakly developed pores, mainly fissures and simple stacking pores. Under organic cultivation, the soil structure Loose and highly separated granular and aggregate structure, the number of well-developed aggregates increased significantly, animal and plant residues rich, soil bio-and enzyme activity increased, the soil pore development is good, the composite stacking porosity and surface porosity of The main soil porosity increased significantly, the surface up to 55.4%, the largest percentage of soil sheet porosity area of 33%; pollution-free planting soil structure under the conditions of development in the organic cultivation and conventional planting between the two. Therefore, organic planting is an effective measure to improve the soil structure of greenhouse and farmland in North China, improve the soil quality and realize the sustainable development of soil.