目的探讨2001-2010年我国医院住院患者抗菌药物日使用情况变化的趋势。方法采用横断面调查方法,评价2001、2003、2005、2008、2010年某一天住院患者全身使用抗菌药物的情况,并进行比较。结果 5次调查住院患者的抗菌药物日使用率总体呈下降趋势,分别为56.93%、54.86%、48.42%、47.69%、49.63%,平均使用率为50.48%;单一用药率在增加,而二联和≥三联用药率在下降;治疗用药患者送标本做细菌培养的平均送检率较低为28.12%,但总体趋势在上升,2003、2005、2008、2010年分别为23.93%、24.55%、30.83%、29.21%;5年各科室抗菌药物使用率位居前3位的主要为:儿科、综合ICU、呼吸科。结论我国医院住院患者抗菌药物日使用率在逐渐降低,但病原学培养标本送检率总体较低,仍需加强抗菌药物临床应用的监控及管理。 Objective To investigate the trend of daily use of antibacterials in inpatients from 2001 to 2010 in China. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted to evaluate the systemic use of antimicrobials in hospitalized patients on one day in 2001, 2003, 2005, 2008 and 2010, and compared. Results The daily use rates of antibacterials in inpatients in 5 surveys showed an overall downward trend of 56.93%, 54.86%, 48.42%, 47.69% and 49.63%, respectively, with an average utilization rate of 50.48%. The rate of single drug use was increasing, And the average drug consumption in the triple therapy was declining. The lower the average rate of sending samples for bacterial culture in the treatment patients was 28.12%, but the overall trend was increasing. The average rate of drug delivery was 23.93%, 24.55% and 30.83 in 2003, 2005, 2008 and 2010 respectively %, 29.21%; 5 years in various departments of antibacterial drug usage among the top three mainly: pediatrics, integrated ICU, respiratory department. Conclusion The daily use rate of antibacterials in inpatients in our hospital is gradually decreasing, but the rate of sending etiological cultured samples is generally low, so we still need to strengthen the monitoring and management of the clinical application of antibacterials.