【摘 要】
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Metazoans harbor a wealth of symbionts that are ever-changing the environ-ment by taking up resources and/or excreting metabolites.One such common environmen-ta
【机 构】
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Department of Medical Laboratory Science,Fenyang College,Shanxi Medical University,Shanxi,China;Depa
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Metazoans harbor a wealth of symbionts that are ever-changing the environ-ment by taking up resources and/or excreting metabolites.One such common environmen-tal modification is a change in pH.Conventional wisdom holds that symbionts facilitate the survival and production of their hosts in the wild,but this notion lacks empirical ev-idence.Here,we report that symbiotic bacteria in the genus Enterococcus attenuate the oviposition avoidance of alkaline environments in Drosophila.We studied the effects of alkalinity on oviposition preference for the first time,and found that flies are robustly disinclined to oviposit on alkali-containing substrates.This innate repulsion to alkaline environments is explained,in part,by the fact that alkalinity compromises the health and lifespan of both offspring and parent Drosophila.Enterococcus dramatically diminished or even completely reversed the ovipositional avoidance of alkalinity in Drosophila.Mech-anistically,Enterococcus generate abundant lactate during fermentation,which neutral-izes the residual alkali in an egg-laying substrate.In conclusion,Enterococcus protects Drosophila from alkali stress by acidifying the ovipositional substrate,and ultimately im-proves the fitness of the Drosophila population.Our results demonstrate that symbionts are profound factors in the Drosophila ovipositional decision,and extend our understand-ing of the intimate interactions between Drosophila and their symbionts.
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