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目的了解2005―2014年无锡市惠山区细菌性痢疾(菌痢)流行特征,为制订防治策略提供科学依据。方法应用描述流行病学方法对2005—2014年无锡市惠山区菌痢疫情资料进行分析。计数资料采用χ2检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果 2005―2014年无锡市惠山区菌痢报告发病数为1 227例,年均发病率为17.43/10万。发病率在2005年最高(35.29/10万),此后逐渐下降至2014年最低(9.27/10万)。7~10月为发病高峰,共发病715例,占58.27%。发病率较高的地区分别为堰桥街道(22.04/10万)、玉祁街道(18.89/10万)、钱桥街道(18.55/10万)。男636例,女591例,性别比为1.08:1。发病年龄分布呈现两个高峰,1岁及以下发病283例,占22.98%;25岁~50岁发病363例,占29.58%。散居儿童最多,为388例,占31.62%;其次为农民218例,占17.77%;再次为工人117例,占9.54%。结论菌痢发病有明显的年龄、季节、职业差异;重点应加强学校、工厂等人群密集场所的疫情监测和宣传教育,规范处置散发疫情,防止暴发流行。
Objective To understand the epidemic characteristics of bacillary dysentery (bacillary dysentery) in Huishan District of Wuxi City from 2005 to 2014 and provide a scientific basis for the development of control strategies. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the data of Shigella flexneri in Huishan District of Wuxi City from 2005 to 2014. Count data using χ2 test, P <0.05 for the difference was statistically significant. Results The incidence of bacillary dysentery in Huishan District from 2005 to 2014 was 1 227 cases, with an average annual incidence of 17.43 / 100 000. The incidence rate was the highest in 2005 (35.29 / 100000), then gradually dropped to the lowest in 2014 (9.27 / 100000). 7 to October peak incidence, a total of 715 cases, accounting for 58.27%. The areas with the highest incidence were Yanqiao Street (22.04 / 100,000), Yuqi Street (18.89 / 100,000) and Qianqiao Street (18.55 / 100,000) respectively. There were 636 males and 591 females with a sex ratio of 1.08: 1. The distribution of age of onset showed two peaks, 283 cases of age 1 and below, accounting for 22.98%; 36 cases of age 25 to 50 years old, accounting for 29.58%. The most scattered children were 388 (31.62%), followed by 218 farmers (17.77%), and again 117 workers (9.54%). Conclusions The incidence of bacillary dysentery has obvious age, season and occupational differences. Emphasis should be laid on strengthening the monitoring and publicity of outbreaks in crowded places such as schools and factories, regulating the distribution of outbreaks and preventing outbreaks.