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目的分析新余市手足口病的流行特征,为手足口病的防控提供科学依据。方法采用实时荧光定量PCR对2011年-2015年手足口病咽拭子、疱疹液监测样本进行肠道病毒通用核酸、肠道病毒71型(EV71)、柯萨奇病毒A组16型(Cox A16)扩增,用描述性方法进行流行病学分析。结果 2011年-2015年新余市共监测手足口病811例,总阳性率为46.12%,其中EV71型109例(13.44%),Cox A16型94例(11.59%),其他肠道病毒171例(21.09%)。2015年3月-5月为流行高峰,2013年在冬季出现小高峰。不同性别的EV71型和Cox A16型手足口病阳性率差异无统计学意义(χ~2=0.92,P>0.05)。病例主要集中在0岁~4岁儿童,共757例,占93.3%,1岁~5岁病例的手足口病阳性率较高。结论 EV71和Cox A16型手足口病在新余市交替流行,仍应加强其他型别肠道病毒病例的监测。手足口病发病呈现明显的季节性和人群特征,提示要加强春夏之交及气温反常时5岁以下儿童的手足口病防控。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of hand-foot-mouth disease in Xinyu City and provide a scientific basis for prevention and control of hand-foot-mouth disease. Methods Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to detect the presence of enterovirus common nucleic acid, EV71, Cox A16 in the throat swab and herpes fluid from 2011 to 2015, ) Amplification, using descriptive methods for epidemiological analysis. Results A total of 811 hand-foot-mouth disease cases were detected in Xindu City from 2011 to 2015, with a total positive rate of 46.12%, of which 109 (13.44%) were EV71, 94 (11.59%) were Cox A16 and 171 21.09%). March-May 2015 is the peak of the epidemic, with a small peak in winter in 2013. There was no significant difference in the positive rates of EV71 and Cox A16 in different sex (χ ~ 2 = 0.92, P> 0.05). The cases mainly concentrated in children 0 to 4 years old, a total of 757 cases, accounting for 93.3%, 1 to 5 years old cases of HFMD positive rate higher. Conclusion The EV71 and Cox A16 type hand-foot-mouth disease are epidemic in Xinyu City, and the surveillance of other types of enterovirus should be strengthened. Hand-foot-mouth disease showed obvious seasonal and population characteristics, suggesting that to strengthen the hand-foot-mouth disease prevention and control of children under 5 years of age at the turn of spring and summer and temperature anomalies.