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以30个不同磷效率基因型大豆品种(系)为材料,研究了不同磷水平条件下3种大豆的产量构成因素变化及其对籽粒产量通径。结果表明,在施磷肥条件下,磷低效基因型品种和中间型品种的产量高于磷高效基因型品种;而不施磷肥条件下,磷高效基因型品种的产量显著高于磷低效基因型品种和中间型品种。在本试验条件下,单株荚数、单株粒数和产量之间存在正相关关系,但百粒质量与产量之间存在负相关关系。通径分析表明,所有品种产量3因素对产量都有正向效应,其中单株荚数和单株粒数对产量的贡献最大;不同磷效率基因型品种产量构成因素对产量的间接通径系数既有负值也有正值,说明品种产量3因素间存在相互制约或相互促进的关系。总之,在低等肥力下,大豆的高产栽培选择磷高效基因型品种较为稳定;在高肥条件下,磷低效基因型品种则具有更高产量潜力,是今后超高产大豆育种值得关注的类型。
Thirty cultivars with different P efficiency genotypes were used as materials to study the changes of yield components of three soybean cultivars with different phosphorus levels and their effects on grain yield and diameter. The results showed that the yield of P-efficient and intermediate-type cultivars was higher than that of P-efficient genotypes under the condition of applying phosphate fertilizer. The yield of P efficient genotypes was significantly higher than that of P inefficient genotypes Types and intermediate varieties. Under the test conditions, there is a positive correlation between the number of pods per plant, the number of grains per plant and the yield, but there is a negative correlation between the quality of grain and the yield. Path analysis showed that the yield of all three cultivars had a positive effect on the yield, of which the contribution of pods per plant and grain per plant was the largest. The indirect path coefficient of yield components of different P efficiency genotypes to yield Both negative and positive, indicating that there are three factors of variety yield mutual restraint or mutual promotion relationship. In conclusion, under the conditions of low fertility, high-yielding soybean cultivars were more stable than those with high-yielding P-efficient genotypes. Under high-fat conditions, low-P genotypes had higher yield potential and were the most notable types of future high-yielding soybean breeding .