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本文借助Hopper和Traugott的“语义滞留”原则理论,结合汉语语法,将“语义滞留”原则分为语义功能和语法功能两种表现形式。前者体现在词汇项的词汇意义对语法项语法意义的制约,主要以时间副词“就”、“才”、“老”和“被”字被动式的语义功能为例;后者体现在词汇项的词汇意义对语法项的语法分布或结构功能的制约,主要以“NL+V+着+NM”结构和“把”字句为例。
In this paper, Hopper and Traugott “semantic retention ” principle is divided into two kinds of manifestations of the semantic function and grammatical function. The former is reflected in the lexical meaning of lexical items that restricts the grammatical meaning of grammatical items. Taking the passive semantic functions of time adverbs “就 ”, “才 ”, “老 ” and “被 ” as examples ; The latter is reflected in the lexical meaning of lexical items that restrict the grammatical distribution or structural function of grammatical items, taking the structure of “NL + V + + NM ” and “把 ” as examples.