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【目的】快速获得稳定的粳稻品种间杂交新材料,加强粳稻品种间杂种优势的利用。【方法】对垦育28和南粳44杂交的F1代进行花药培养,并对获得的花培株系进行主要农艺性状、倍性及稻瘟病抗性等鉴定。【结果】接种至愈伤诱导培养基5 d后花药开裂,10~15 d可诱导出2~3 mm的黄绿色愈伤组织,转移至分化培养基20 d后即可诱导出绿苗。有1696个花药可诱导出愈伤组织,诱导率为66.5%;在获得的382份花培再生株系中,单倍体、双单倍体、四倍体株系比例分别为27.5%、70.2%和2.3%,不同倍性株系出现株高矮化、不结实、分蘖数明显降低和保卫细胞叶绿体数明显减少等变异。经抗稻瘟病田间鉴定,获得综合性状好且抗或高抗稻瘟病的二倍体材料各3份;其中获得综合性状较好、结实率较高(89.6%~90.1%)、株高显著降低且抗稻瘟病的二倍体材料两份。【结论】利用粳稻品种间杂交F1代进行花药培养,可快速获得稳定的中间材料,是快速创制抗病等新材料的可行方法。
【Objective】 The objective of this study was to rapidly obtain stable new hybrid materials between japonica varieties and to enhance the utilization of heterosis among japonica varieties. 【Method】 F1 progenies from crossing 28 between Ken 28 and Nanjing 44 were cultured in anther culture. The main agronomic traits, ploidy and blast resistance were identified. 【Result】 Anther was inoculated 5 days after inoculation into callus induction medium, and callus of 2 to 3 mm in diameter could be induced from 10 to 15 days. After transferred to differentiation medium for 20 days, green plants could be induced. 1696 anthers could induce callus and the induction rate was 66.5%. Among the 382 regenerated plants, the haploid, double haploid and tetraploid strains were 27.5%, 70.2 % And 2.3%, respectively. Different ploidy lines showed plant height dwarfing, uncomplicated, significant decrease of tillering number and significant decrease of chloroplast number of guard cells. Three lines of diploid materials with good traits and resistant to blast or high blast resistance were obtained from the field trials of blast resistance. The comprehensive characters were good, the seed setting rate was high (89.6% -90.1%), and the plant height was significantly decreased And two anti-rice blast diploid material. 【Conclusion】 It is a feasible method to rapidly create new materials such as disease resistance by using the F1 generation of japonica hybrids for anther culture to obtain stable intermediate materials rapidly.