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民国初年,北京政府“以京师首都,四方是瞻,文物典司,不容阙废”(《国立历史博物馆丛刊·发刊辞》,1926年第1册),“而首都尚未有典守文物之专司,乃议先设博物馆于北京”(同上)。1912年7月,教育部在北京元明清三代的太学——国子监筹建国立历史博物馆,这是中国第一个由政府筹办并直接管理的博物馆。民国时期,因政局动荡,国立历史博物馆的馆名和隶属关系几经变更,经费严重短缺,事业屡遭挫折。但经过博物馆人的不懈努力和苦心经营,至1949年10月前,国立历史博物馆根据社会需要,共举办了十几个展览,展览题材广泛。
In the early years of the Republic of China, the Beijing government “has capitalized on the capital of the capital, the four corners of the country, and the cultural relics and geniuses, and can not abolish it.” (National History Museum Series, Issue 1, 1926, No. 1) Dian Shou heritage specialist, is the first set of museums in Beijing "(ibid.). In July 1912, the Ministry of Education organized the National History Museum in Beijing, the Ming Dynasty and the Qing Dynasty, the third-generation Taiyuan-Guozijian. This is the first museum in China to be directly managed by the government. During the period of the Republic of China, due to the political turmoil, the museum name and affiliation of the National Museum of History changed several times, resulting in a serious shortage of funds and a setback in his career. However, after the unremitting efforts and painstaking efforts of the museum’s personnel, until October 1949, the National Museum of History held a total of more than a dozen exhibitions in accordance with the needs of society. The exhibition covered a wide range of topics.