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从稠油官能团组分与极性组分油 水界面张力的角度 ,研究了稠油各组分的界面活性及其在水包油型乳状液中的作用机理和影响因素。测定了官能团四组分以及极性四组分的油 水界面张力 ,考察了组分浓度、水相 pH值、温度、盐度等因素对油 水界面张力的影响。结果表明 ,稠油极性四组分的甲苯溶液 水的界面张力大小顺序为 :饱和分 >芳香分 >胶质 >沥青质 ;官能团四组分的顺序为 :中性分 >碱性分 >酸性分和两性分。酸性分、两性分及沥青质均具有低界面张力的特性 ,尤其在碱性 (pH =11～ 12 )条件下 ,界面张力很低 ,是稠油中主要的界面活性组分。碱性条件下更有利于O/W型超稠油乳状液的稳定。官能团组分更能揭示稠油中活性组分的内在本质。
From the viewpoints of the interfacial tension of heavy oil functional groups and polar oil and water, the interfacial activity of each component of heavy oil and its action mechanism and influencing factors in oil-in-water emulsion were studied. The interfacial tension of oil and water of the four components and the four components of the functional groups were measured. The effects of the concentration of components, the pH value of the aqueous phase, temperature and salinity on the interfacial tension of oil and water were investigated. The results showed that the order of the interfacial tension of the toluene solution of heavy oil with four polar components was: saturated> aromatic> gum> asphaltene; the order of the four functional groups was neutral> basic> acidic Points and sex points. Acidic, amphoteric and asphaltene all have low interfacial tension properties, especially in the alkaline (pH = 11-12) conditions, the interfacial tension is very low, which is the main interfacial active component in heavy oil. Under alkaline conditions more conducive to O / W super heavy oil emulsion stability. Functional group components can better reveal the intrinsic nature of active ingredients in heavy oils.