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黄连木Pistacia chinensis Bunge因果实含油量高,被作为生物能源树种在我国进行大面积栽培推广和能源开发利用。然而,专性寄生害虫(主要为黄连木广肩小蜂Eurytoma plotnikovi Nikolskaya)的危害及由单性结实和败育所造成的空壳果实可能影响黄连木的果实产量和质量。为了评价种子害虫和空壳果实对黄连木果实产量和质量的影响,我们测定了河南省济源市3个黄连木种群40株结果雌树的果实产量和油产量,同时测定了完好果实、空壳果实和虫蛀果实等3类果实的干重和含油量。结果表明:(1)虫害率和空壳率分别达22.6%和53.0%,且不同个体和种群间均存在显著差异(P<0.05)。(2)空壳果实(30.7mg/果)和虫蛀果实(33.1mg/果)的干重均不到完好果实(67.4mg/果)的一半;空壳果实(3.9%)和虫蛀果实(3.8%)的含油量均显著低于完好果实(39.9%)。(3)实测的果实产量(2.9kg/树)和油产量(0.6kg/树)分别仅为期望产量的50%(4.7kg/树)和33%(1.9kg/树),但在3个种群之间无显著差异。本研究显示小蜂危害和空壳果实对黄连木果实产量和质量能造成严重影响,在将其作为生物能源树种利用时对此应加以克服。
Pistacia chinensis Bunge has high causal oil content and is widely used as bio-energy tree species in China to promote cultivation and energy utilization. However, the hazards of obligate parasitic pests (mainly Eurytoma plotnikovi Nikolskaya) and the shell fruit caused by heritability and abortion may affect fruit yield and quality of Pistacia chinensis. In order to evaluate the effect of seed pests and shell fruits on the yield and quality of Pistacia chinensis fruit, we measured the fruit yield and oil yield of 40 trees of Pistacia chinensis population in Jiyuan city of Henan province, and determined the intact fruit and shell Fruit and moth-eaten fruits such as 3 kinds of dry weight and oil content. The results showed that: (1) The pest rate and shell percentage were 22.6% and 53.0% respectively, and there were significant differences between different individuals and populations (P <0.05). (2) The dry weight of shell fruit (30.7mg / fruit) and moth-eaten fruit (33.1mg / fruit) were less than half of that of intact fruit (67.4mg / fruit) (3.8%) were significantly lower than the intact fruit (39.9%). (3) The measured fruit yield (2.9 kg / tree) and oil yield (0.6 kg / tree) were only 50% (4.7 kg / tree) and 33% (1.9 kg / tree) of the expected yield, No significant difference between populations. This study shows that endangered insects and shell fruits can have a serious impact on the yield and quality of Pistacruff fruit, which should be overcome when it is used as a bioenergy tree species.