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为探明不同施肥模式对大麦-双季稻三熟种植模式中大麦干物质积累、分配及产量影响,以通0306和蒙啤麦1号为材料,系统比较研究化肥、秸秆还田+化肥、习惯施肥和无肥4种施肥模式。结果表明,大麦主要生育期,单株根系干重均表现为秸秆还田>习惯施肥>化肥>无肥,茎干重表现为习惯施肥>秸秆还田>化肥>无肥;齐穗期和成熟期,各处理间大麦单株根系和茎干重差异均达显著水平。单株叶、穗干重均表现为秸秆还田>习惯施肥>化肥>无肥。齐穗期和成熟期,根系干重占总干物质量的比例大小顺序为无肥>化肥>秸秆还田>习惯施肥,穗干重比例为秸秆还田>化肥>习惯施肥>无肥;茎干重比例以习惯施肥最高;叶干重比例在成熟期表现为化肥>无肥>习惯施肥>秸秆还田。齐穗期,化肥、秸秆还田和习惯施肥处理大麦叶片SPAD值均显著高于无肥处理;成熟期,各处理间差异达显著水平。各处理大麦单株叶面积大小顺序为秸秆还田>习惯施肥>化肥>无肥。各施肥模式大麦产量表现为秸秆还田>习惯施肥>化肥>无肥,分别比无肥增产353.4~357.6、681.6~683.0和497.4~523.5 kg·hm-2。与化肥和习惯施肥处理相比,秸秆还田处理干物质总量大且分配合理,有利于改善产量构成因素,增加大麦产量。
In order to explore the effects of different fertilization modes on dry matter accumulation, distribution and yield of barley in three-cropping system of barley and double cropping rice, Tongmai 0306 and Mengmai 1 were used to systematically study the effects of fertilizers, Accustomed to fertilization and fertilizer-free four kinds of fertilization mode. The results showed that the main growth period of the barley and the dry weight per plant were as follows: straw returning> conventional fertilization> chemical fertilizer> no fertilizer, and the dry weight of barley showed the habitual fertilization> straw returning> chemical fertilizer> no fertilizer; The differences of root weight and stem weight of barley among all treatments reached significant level. The leaf weight and ear dry weight of all plants showed that straw returning to soil> habitual fertilization> fertilizer> no fertilizer. The ratio of dry weight to total dry matter in the heading stage and mature stage was in the order of no fertilizer> chemical fertilizer> straw returning> conventional fertilization and ear dry weight ratio was straw returning> chemical fertilizer> conventional fertilization> no fertilizer; stem The proportion of the highest proportion of habits to fertilize the highest; leaf dry weight ratio in the mature stage of the chemical fertilizer> no fertilizer> conventional fertilization> straw. The SPAD value of barley leaves at heading stage, fertilizers, straw returning and acclimation to fertilization was significantly higher than that at no fertilizer treatment. At maturity, the differences among treatments were significant. The order of the leaf area per plant of barley was straw returning> habitual fertilization> chemical fertilizer> no fertilizer. The yield of barley in each fertilization mode was straw returning> conventional fertilization> chemical fertilizer> no fertilizer, and increased the yield by 353.4 ~ 357.6, 681.6 ~ 683.0 and 497.4 ~ 523.5 kg · hm -2, respectively. Compared with chemical fertilizers and conventional fertilization treatments, the total amount of dry matter supplied by straw returning to field and its distribution is reasonable, which is beneficial to improve the yield components and increase the yield of barley.