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通过对几个美洲黑杨和欧美杨雌株雄株品种5a树龄的单株花芽空间分布及开花各性状的研究,得出5年生树龄的杨树花序分布以树冠中层最多;美洲黑杨的果实发育期为42~60d,比欧美杨长10~20d左右;对各参试雌、雄株品种单株花序总量及单序花粉量、单穗果球数量、单果穗飞絮量的比较、分析,并且结合美洲黑杨、欧美杨的实际情况可推知:欧美杨存在雄株品种花序大量散粉期稍晚于雌株品种花序伸长期,造成前期雌花序因授粉不好、发育不健全而大量落穗,因此欧美杨雌株品种以显著多于美洲黑杨的雌花序和单穗果球数量来保证种族的繁衍;而美洲黑杨则正好相反,雄株散粉期稍早于该种雌株品种花序伸长期,保证了高的雌花授粉率和种子量;几个美洲黑杨和欧美杨雄株的单株花序总量和单序花粉量品种间存在极显著差异,同时几个美洲黑杨和欧美杨雌株品种的单株花序总量、单果穗果球数量及单果穗飞絮量品种间也均存在(极)显著差异,说明美洲黑杨和欧美杨雌、雄品种的单株花序总数、单个花序花粉量、单穗果球数量及单果穗飞絮量这些性状在品种间进行选择是有意义的,因此可通过选育为低致敏品种的选育提供一些参考。
Through the study on the spatial distribution of flower bud per plant and the flowering traits of several male Populus strains in American black poplar and European and American poplar plants, the distribution of poplar inflorescences with 5-year-old age was the most in the middle canopy. The fruit of Populus nigra The developmental period was 42-60 days, which was about 10-20 days longer than that of the European and American poplars. Comparing the total number of inflorescences and single-order pollen amount, According to the actual situation of Populus nigra and Populus euphratica, we can deduce that there are a large number of inflorescences of male inflorescences in European and American poplars at a later stage than the female inflorescences, resulting in a large amount of pre-inflorescence due to poor pollination and poor development Therefore, the male and female poplar varieties in Europe and the United States significantly more than the American poplar female inflorescence and the number of single spike ball to ensure ethnic reproduction; and Populus, on the contrary, Variety of inflorescence elongation period, to ensure a high female pollination rate and seed; several Populus nigra and European poplar single plant inflorescences total amount and single-order pollen quantity there is a significant difference between the same time, several Populus nigra and Europe and the United States Yang plant strains of single plant The results showed that the total number of inflorescences, the number of single spike per fruit and the number of single spike fly were also significantly different (P <0.05), indicating that the total number of inflorescences per plant, the inflorescences of single inflorescences, The number of fruit balls and the number of leaves per spike are of great significance. Therefore, it is of great value to choose the characters among the breeds. Therefore, some references can be provided for the breeding of low-allergenic breeds.