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目的检测子痫前期患者胎盘组织中TGF-β1/Smad的表达,探求TGF-β1/Smad信号转导通路在子痫前期发病中的作用。方法采用免疫组织化学法检测40例子痫前期(轻、重度)和正常孕妇15例正常妊娠妇女胎盘中TGF-β1以及Smad3、Smad4、Smad7的分布和表达,采用TUNEL法检测三组胎盘滋养细胞凋亡的情况。结果 TGF-β以及Smad2、Smad3、Smad4、Smad7在正常妊娠和子痫前期患者胎盘的滋养细胞、内皮细胞、基质细胞中均有表达,以滋养细胞表达为主。TGF-β1以及Smad3、Smad4在正常妊娠组、子痫前期轻度组和重度组的表达强度及范围均呈逐渐升高趋势,Smad7在正常妊娠组、子痫前期轻度和重度组表达强度及范围依次呈逐渐下降趋势。正常妊娠和子痫前期患者胎盘的滋养细胞、内皮细胞、基质细胞均存在凋亡,以滋养细胞凋亡为主。重度子痫前期组胎盘滋养细胞凋亡(1.02)%显著高于子痫前期轻度组(0.73)%,子痫前期轻度组显著高于正常妊娠组(0.38)%,P<0.05。滋养细胞TGF-β1的表达与滋养细胞凋亡具有相关性(r=0.96,P<0.05)。结论子痫前期患者胎盘组织中的TGF-β1可能是通过Smad信号转导蛋白抑制滋养细胞浸润,诱导细胞凋亡。
Objective To detect the expression of TGF-β1 / Smad in placenta of preeclampsia and explore the role of TGF-β1 / Smad signal transduction pathway in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. Methods The distribution and expression of TGF-β1, Smad3, Smad4 and Smad7 in 40 normal pregnant women with preeclampsia (mild and severe) and normal pregnant women were detected by immunohistochemistry. TUNEL method was used to detect the expression of trophoblast Death situation. Results TGF-β, Smad2, Smad3, Smad4 and Smad7 were expressed in trophoblasts, endothelial cells and stromal cells of placenta in normal pregnancy and preeclampsia, and were mainly expressed in trophoblasts. TGF-β1 and Smad3, Smad4 in normal pregnancy group, mild pre-eclampsia group and severe group expression intensity and range showed a gradual upward trend, Smad7 in normal pregnancy group, mild and severe preeclampsia expression intensity and The range showed a gradual downward trend. Normal pregnancy and preeclampsia placental trophoblast cells, endothelial cells, stromal cells are present in apoptosis, mainly to trophoblast apoptosis. The apoptosis of placental trophoblast cells in severe preeclampsia group (1.02%) was significantly higher than that in mild preeclampsia group (0.73%), mild preeclampsia group was significantly higher than that in normal pregnancy group (0.38%), P <0.05. Trophoblast TGF-β1 expression and trophoblast apoptosis was correlated (r = 0.96, P <0.05). Conclusion TGF-β1 in placental tissue of preeclampsia may induce apoptosis by inhibiting the infiltration of trophoblast cells through Smad signal transduction protein.