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利用自行研发的试验装置进行了半桩模型试验研究,分析了变截面桩的荷载-沉降曲线、桩身轴力分布情况、桩身侧摩阻力分布情况,并与常规等截面桩进行比较.模型试验结果表明:变截面桩较等截面桩更有利于减小桩体的沉降量,但从单桩沉降变形的角度看,变截面桩存在最佳变径比.当变径比超过这一最佳值时,变径比越大,桩的沉降变形也就越大,甚至超过等截面桩的沉降量.桩顶荷载首先并主要通过变截面处以上桩身传递,该部分桩身段是主要承载部位.由于变截面处下部土体对桩的支撑作用,变截面桩的桩身轴力在变截面处附近有较大程度的衰减.变截面桩的桩身侧摩阻力比常规等截面桩发挥更加充分.
The semi-pile model test was carried out by using the self-developed experimental device, and the load-settlement curve, the distribution of pile axial force and the frictional force distribution of pile body were analyzed and compared with those of the conventional sectioned pile. The experimental results show that the variable cross-section pile is more conducive to reduce the settlement of the pile than the equivalent cross-section pile, but from the point of view of single pile settlement deformation, there is the best reduction ratio of the variable cross-section pile. The better the value is, the larger the diameter-reducing ratio is, the greater the deformation of the pile is, even more than the settlement of the equivalent cross-section pile.The pile top load is mainly and mainly transmitted through the pile body above the variable cross-section, Site.Due to the support effect of the lower soil body at the variable cross section on the pile, the axial force of the pile with variable cross-section pile attenuates to a great extent near the variable cross-section.The lateral friction of the pile body of the variable cross-section pile is higher than that of the conventional cross-section pile More fully.