论文部分内容阅读
目的了解广州市农村地区饮水卫生状况,发现存在问题和提出相应改善措施。方法按照单纯随机抽样原则分别在番禺区、花都区、萝岗区、南沙区、白云区、增城市、从化市选择农村集中式供水监测点和分散式供水监测点,每个集中式供水监测点分别采集出厂水和管网末梢水,每个分散式供水监测点采集管网末梢水,监测项目为常规24项,按照《生活饮用水标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750—2006)对采集的水样进行检验,按照《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749—2006)对结果进行卫生学评价。结果 2010—2012年共检测水样978份,总合格率为51.43%(503/978),3年间合格率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。番禺区、萝岗区、南沙区、白云区、增城市、从化市、花都区3年水质总合格率分别为97.50%(156/160)、56.66%(17/30)、50.00%(6/12)、45.83%(33/72)、42.50%(102/240)、41.10%(97/236)、40.35%(92/228),不同地区合格率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。枯、丰水期的水质合格率分别为50.31%(246/489)和52.56%(257/489),两者差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。集中式供水的水质合格率为66.05%(428/684),分散式供水的水质合格率为25.51%(75/294),两者差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。不合格的检测项目主要有总大肠菌群、耐热大肠菌群、菌落总数、浑浊度、氨氮、锰、铁、pH,合格率分别为80.27%、80.98%、82.31%、85.28%、90.18%、93.25%、93.66%、93.87%,其中集中式供水水质的总大肠菌群、耐热大肠菌群、菌落总数的合格率分别为93.12%、93.71%、93.27%,而分散式供水分别为50.34%、51.36%、56.80%,明显低于集中式供水的(均P<0.01)。结论广州市农村地区饮水水质总合格率偏低,分散式供水水质受微生物污染较为严重,集中式供水水质合格率明显高于分散式供水水质合格率。应进一步全面加强农村饮水安全管理和水质消毒净化处理。
Objective To understand the status of drinking water hygiene in rural areas of Guangzhou and find out the existing problems and propose corresponding improvement measures. Methods According to the principle of simple random sampling, rural centralized water supply monitoring points and decentralized water supply monitoring points were selected in Panyu District, Huadu District, Luogang District, Nansha District, Baiyun District, Zengcheng City and Conghua City respectively. Each centralized water supply monitoring Point were collected factory water and the end of the pipe network water, each decentralized water monitoring point collection pipe network water, the monitoring project for the routine 24, according to “drinking water standard test method” (GB / T 5750-2006) on the collection Of the water samples for testing, in accordance with the “drinking water health standards” (GB 5749-2006) on the results of hygiene evaluation. Results A total of 978 water samples were collected from 2010 to 2012, with a total pass rate of 51.43% (503/978). There was no significant difference in pass rates between the three years (P> 0.05). The total qualified rates of water quality in Panyu District, Luogang District, Nansha District, Baiyun District, Zengcheng City, Conghua City and Huadu District were 97.50% (156/160), 56.66% (17/30) and 50.00% (6) /12),45.83%(33/72),42.50%(102/240),41.10%(97/236)40.35%(92/228). There was a significant difference in passing rate between different regions (P <0.01) . The qualified rates of water quality in dry and wet season were 50.31% (246/489) and 52.56% (257/489), respectively, with no significant difference (P> 0.05). The qualified rate of water quality of centralized water supply was 66.05% (428/684), and that of decentralized water supply was 25.51% (75/294). There was a significant difference between the two (P <0.01). The unqualified test items mainly include coliform bacteria and heat-resistant coliform bacteria, with the total number of colony, turbidity, ammonia nitrogen, manganese, iron and pH being 80.27%, 80.98%, 82.31%, 85.28% and 90.18% , 93.25%, 93.66% and 93.87% respectively. The total coliform and heat-resistant coliforms of centralized water supply were 93.12%, 93.71% and 93.27% respectively, while the distributed water supply was 50.34 %, 51.36% and 56.80%, respectively, which were significantly lower than those of centralized water supply (all P <0.01). Conclusion The overall qualification rate of drinking water quality in rural areas of Guangzhou is relatively low. The quality of decentralized water supply is seriously polluted by microorganisms. The passing rate of centralized water supply is obviously higher than that of decentralized water supply. Should further strengthen the overall management of rural drinking water safety and disinfection of water purification treatment.