Background Direct and indirect evidences have suggested that angiogenesis is a prerequisite for the development of endometriosis. Aiming at offering experimental evidences for anti-angiogenesis therapy, we transplanted the eutopic endometrium from patient with endometriosis into the severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID) mice, to evaluate the effect of the endostatin on the growth and angiogenesis of the established endometriosis lesions in SCID mice model.Methods Eutopic endometrium of women with endometriosis was transplanted into the SCID mice. The mice were randomized into treatment (n=10) and control groups (n=10). Two weeks after the implantation of endometrium fragment,whereas the control group received equivalent volume of PBS (200 μl/d). The volume of endometriotic lesions in SCID mice was measured every three days, and all the treatment lasted for 14 days. Immunohistochemistry was used to determine microvessel density (MVD) and the expression of VEGF. The results were analyzed by t test and X2 test to value the treating effect.Results Compared with the control group, growth of endometriosis lesion was reduced in the mice treated with YH-16.Statistically significant differences in the volume and weight of the ectopic lesions were observed between the treatment and the control groups (P＜0.05). Microscopical examination showed that after being treated with YH-16, the volume of the endometrial tissues decreased, the glands depauperated, and the glandular epithelium partially degenerated.Necrotic debris was observed in the endometrial stroma. MVD and expression of VEGF in the treatment group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P＜0.05).Conclusions Recombinant human endostatin affects the maintenance and growth of endometriotic tissues by inhibiting angiogenesis and reducing the expression of VEGF in ectopic lesion. The angiostatic agent may be promising as a therapy for endometriosis.