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目的分析岗前体检人员从事噪声作业前的听力状况及原因,以期对预防噪声性听力损伤、促进职业健康提出对策和建议。方法使用丹麦产MM-622型纯音听力计(经零级校正)对噪声作业人员双耳0.5、1.0、2.0、3.0、4.0、6.0 k Hz的纯音气导进行检查。听阈提高的评定标准:语频听阈提高以任一耳0.5、1.0、2.0 k Hz,任一频率>25 d B为标准;高频听阈提高以任一耳3.0、4.0、6.0 k Hz,任一频率听阈值≥30 d B为标准。同时对岗前体检人员进行“用内置型耳机听音乐会损伤听力”的知、信、行调查。结果共调查4 600人,所有人均知道使用内置型耳机听音乐会损伤听力,但仍有1 120人经常使用内置型耳机听音乐,占总调查人数的24.35%。使用耳机听音乐的人中有605人高频听阈提高,占使用耳机总人数的54.02%。使用耳机听音乐的人平均高频听阈与不使用耳机的人相比,差异有统计学意义(u=18.375,P<0.01),在4 600人中,有3 480人不使用内置型耳机听音乐,其中有817人高频听阈提高,占23.48%。结论使用内置型耳机听音乐对岗前体检人员高频听阈有影响,深化噪声作业人员对“使用内置型耳机听音乐会损伤听力”的认识,促进劳动者个人健康行为的转化,以减少噪声性听力损伤以及职业性噪声聋的发生。
Objective To analyze the hearing status and causes before the pre-job medical staff engaged in noise work, in order to put forward countermeasures and suggestions to prevent noise-induced hearing impairment and promote occupational health. Methods Pure tone guidance of 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 6.0 k Hz of both ears of noise workers was inspected by Danish MM-622 pure tone audiometer (zero grade correction). Listening threshold to improve the evaluation criteria: to improve the audible frequency threshold 0.5,1.0,2.0 k Hz for any one ear, any frequency> 25 d B as a standard; high-frequency hearing threshold increased to any one ear 3.0,4.0,6.0 k Hz, either Frequency threshold threshold ≥ 30 d B as a standard. At the same time on the pre-post medical staff “with a built-in headphones to listen to music damage hearing ” knowledge, letter, line investigation. As a result, a total of 4 600 people were surveyed. All of them knew that using a built-in earphone would impair hearing performance. However, there were still 1 120 people who used their built-in earphones to listen to music, accounting for 24.35% of the total number of inquiries. Of the people who use their headphones to listen to music, 605 have higher-frequency hearing thresholds, accounting for 54.02% of the total number of people using headphones. The average high-frequency threshold for hearing music using headphones was significantly different from those who did not use headphones (u = 18.375, P <0.01), and out of 4,600, 3,480 were not using the built-in headphones Music, of which 817 high-frequency hearing threshold increased, accounting for 23.48%. Conclusions The use of built-in headphones to listen to music affects pre-post high-frequency hearing thresholds and deepens the awareness of noise workers about the hearing impairment using built-in earphones and promotes the conversion of workers’ personal health behaviors so as to reduce Noise-induced hearing loss and the occurrence of occupational noise deafness.