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政治文化研究当包括从政制精神、政治价值、政治思想、政治生态四重维度,对特定时期、特定社会共同体公共权力设置与运作情况的考察。明清时代的中国,在社会生活与经济结构乃至文化风气各领域都发生深刻变迁的同时,政治文化之主导方面仍沿着帝制体系传统轨道推演。明清时代中国社会形态的突出特征,正是商业经济发展与社会自由度的增强以及庶民文化的发达趋势与中央集权的君主—官僚—贵族体制的持续发展,构成了一种自洽格局。这种自洽格局显示出帝制农商社会在商品经济繁荣情况下继续延伸的潜能。19世纪中叶的中西方冲突,不是处于同一历史过程不同阶段的两个社会的相遇,而是两个处于不同历史过程中的文明体系在亚洲大陆时空格局中的交汇。
The study of political culture should include the investigation of the setting and operation of public power of a certain social community in a specific period from the four dimensions of political spirit, political value, political thought and political ecology. In the era of Ming and Qing Dynasties, profound changes have taken place in all fields of social life and economic structure as well as cultural customs. At the same time, the dominant aspects of political culture are still deduced along the traditional track of the imperial system. The salient features of China’s social form in the Ming and Qing Dynasties are precisely the self-consistent pattern of the enhancement of commercial economic development and social freedom as well as the development trend of common people’s culture and the continuous development of the centralized monarchy-bureaucracy-aristocracy. This self-consistent pattern shows the potential of the imperial farming community to continue its expansion under the conditions of a prosperous commodity economy. The conflict between China and the West in the mid-19th century was not the encounter of two societies at different stages in the same historical process but the intersection of two civilizations in different historical processes in the Asian-Asian space-time pattern.